ICT in ELT (English Language Teaching) Research Paper

ICT in ELT (English Language Teaching) - Research Paper Example s therefore become expedient to note that the effective teaching and learning of English has gone beyond the stereotypical to regimented/tradition of mere classroom teaching because of the emergence of various gadgets in information and communication technology (Viatonu, Kayode 2000:1). In the 21st century, majority of people, be they students, researchers or teachers, are making use of the computer and internet to search for information, to chat or to play games. Teachers are becoming the greatest beneficiaries of digital media as far as bringing the world into the classroom is concerned and using authentic resource materials. ICT is being used to provide curriculum tasks and activities that challenge students; this extends to gifted and talented students. It helps them work to a higher level than they otherwise might, for instance, they can access not only the school library books but also academic treatises (Galloway, 2007:26). Galloway also established that ICT is beneficial to students in several ways. There is the potential to present information in multiple formats, speech and image, with software such as ‘Writing with Symbols’. With ICT, activities can be repeated endlessly and identically as students learn the practical nuances of English pronunciation (Galloway, 2007:26). ICT in ELT has also achieved its status as far as translation is concerned. Web-based instant translations are available to and from English and at least nine other languages. Because of the multimedia presentational possibilities and the activities now available, the curriculum is becoming deeper and more enriched by new technology, creating engaging and motivating learning experiences for all students regardless of their needs and abilities (Galloway, 2007:26). There are invaluable pedagogical gains in the use of ICT. This has also contributed to the status of ICT. Teachers are able to develop an effective learning platform. With such a platform, teachers are able to create

Application of the Neuman Systems Essay Example for Free

Application of the Neuman Systems Essay With concerns of our day to day living we do not have enough time and budget to be choosy of the type of food or the nutritional value of it, what we think of nowadays is just to have something to satisfy our hunger without considering the nutrients that our body needs each day. When we hear diet nowadays often we see it as losing weight by means of controlling food intake, but the truth is diet could also mean eating nutritious foods to supplement our body’s needs of nutrients and the type of foods that we are going to consume. As statistics report show that in the United States as many as 20% of hospitalized patients are hypokalemic; however, hypokalemia is clinically significant in only about 4-5% of these patients. Severe hypokalemia is relatively uncommon. Up to 14% of outpatients who undergo laboratory testing are found to be mildly hypokalemic .Approximately 80% of patients who are receiving diuretics become hypokalemic. Sex Incidence is equal in males and females. The researcher chose hypokalemia as a topic for a case study in acute adult diseases for the reason that hypokalemia is a fatal disease that is often neglected by the people in the sense that people does not know what the disease is all about. The researcher believes that through studying the whole course of illness, insights and new information can be obtained in dealing with hypokalemia which could help students, nurses and any researcher who would endeavor in the study of hypokalemia Theoretical Framework The researcher aimed to utilize Neuman Systems Model in a client with hypokalemia. This theory holistically developed to meet or complement for the client’s needs the researcher wants to verify and to validate the theory by using it on an acute condition called hypokalemia. The unique focus of the Neuman Systems Model is the wellness of the client/client system in relation to environmental stress and reactions to stress (Fawcett,1995). In relation to its wholistic approach According to the Neuman Systems Model and systemic perspective in general, health and wellness is defined as the coordination or the degree of system stability, that is, the condition in which all parts and subparts (variables) are in balance or harmony with the whole of the client/client system (Neuman,2002) Betty Neuman’s Systems Model is based on concepts related to stress and reaction to stress. The Neuman Systems Model includes the physiological, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual variables at all levels of the system (Neuman, 2002). The physiological variable deals with mental relationships and processes. The sociocultural variable deals with those functions of the system that involve social and cultural interactions and expectations. The developmental variable deals with developmental processes and needs that vary as the system matures. The spiritual variable deals with the system’s beliefs and their influence and is, according to Neuman, the least understood despite its importance (Frisch, 2006). Basic Structure consists of common client survival factors, as well as unique individual characteristics. It represents the basic system energy resources (Neuman, 2002). Client/client system a composite of variables (physiological, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual), each of which is a subpart of all parts, forms the whole of the client. The client as a system is composed of a core or basic structure of survival factors and surrounding protective concentric rings. The concentric rings are composed of similar factors, yet serve varied and different purposes in either retention, attainment, or maintenance of system stability and integrity or combination of these. The client is considered an open system in total interface with the environment. The client is viewed as a system, and the term can used interchangeably with the client/client system (Neuman, 2002). Content the variables of a person in interaction with the internal and external environment comprise the whole client system (Neuman, 2002) Degree of reaction the degree of reaction is the amount of system instability resulting from stressor invasion of the normal lines of defense. Environment is defined as â€Å"all factors affecting and affected by the system† and is â€Å"all internal and external factors or influences surrounding the identified client or client system†. Neuman has identified three relevant environments. The internal environment â€Å" consists of all forces or interactive influences internal to or contained solely within the boundaries of the defined client/client system†. The external environment â€Å" consists of all forces or interactive influences external to or existing outside the defined client/client system† and is interpersonal and extrapersonal in nature(Neuman, 2002). Feedback the process within which matter, energy, and information, as system output, provide feedback for corrective action to change, enhance or stabilize the system. Flexible lines of defense is a protective buffer for the client’s normal or a stable state. Ideally, it prevents invasion of stressors and keeps the client system free from stressor reactions or symptomatology (Fawcett, 1995). Goal the system goal is stability for the purpose of client survival and optimal wellness. Health a continuum of wellness to illness, dynamic in nature, that is constantly subject to change. Optimal wellness or stability indicates that total system needs are being met. A reduced state of wellness is the result of unmet needs. The client is in a dynamic state either wellness or illness, in varying degrees, at any point in time. Input/Output the matter, energy, and information exchanged between client and environment that is entering or leaving the system at any point in time. Lines of resistance contain certain known and unknown internal and external resource factors that support the client’s basic structure and normal defense line thus protecting system integrity. An example is the body’s mobilization of white blood cells or activation of immune system mechanisms. Effectiveness of the lines of resistance in reversing the reaction to stressors allows the system to reconstitute; ineffectiveness leads to energy depletion (Neuman, 2002). Normal line of defense is the solid boundary line that encircles the broken internal lines of resistance. This line represents what the client has become, the state to which the client has evolved over time, or the usual wellness level. The normal defense line is a standard against any deviancy from the usual wellness state can be determined (Neuman, 2002). Prevention as intervention typology or modes for nursing action and determinants for entry of both client and nurse into the health care system. Primary prevention: before a reaction to stressors occurs. Secondary prevention: treatment of symptoms following a reaction to stressors Tertiary prevention: maintenance of optimal wellness following treatment. Reconstitution represents the return and maintenance of system stability, following treatment of stressor reaction, which may result in higher or lower level of wellness than previously. Stability a state of balance or harmony requiring energy exchanges as the client adequately copes with stressors to retain, attain, or maintain an optimal level of health, thus preserving system integrity. Stressors are environmental factors, intra-, inter-, extrapersonal factor in nature that have potential for disrupting system stability. A stress is any phenomenon that might penetrate both the flexible and normal lines of defense, resulting in either positive or negative outcome (Neuman, 2002). Intrapersonal stressors are within the internal environment of the client/client system and include such forces as conditioned and autoimmune responses. Interpersonal stressors are in the external environment. They occur at the boundary between the client/client system and the proximal external environment an include such forces as role expectations and communication patterns. Extrapersonal stressors also are in the external environment. They occur at the boundary of the client/client system and the distal external environment and include such forces as financial concerns or social policies (Fawcett, 1995). Wellness/Illness wellness is the condition in which all system parts and subparts are in harmony with the whole system of the client. Wholeness is based on interrelationships of variables, which determine the amount of resistance an individual has to any stressor. Illness indicates disharmony among the parts and subparts of the client system. Wholistic a system is considered wholistic when any parts or subparts can be organized into an interrelating whole. Wholistic organization is one of keeping parts whole or stable in their intimate relationships; individuals are viewed as wholes whose component parts are in dynamic interdependent interaction. Research Design The researcher in this study utilized the case study method. The case study design involves an intensive exploration of a single unit of study, such as a person, very small number of subjects, family, group, community, or institution ( Burns Grove, 2003). Research locale The study was conducted in Cebu City Medical Center located at N. Bacalso Avenue,Cebu City. Cebu City Medical Center (CCMC) is a 300 bed capacity government hospital that caters all residents of Cebu City. The client was admitted at the stroke ward, third floor which accommodates clients with physical complaints, classified under Internal Medicine (IM) as cardiovascular problems. It is a 10 bed capacity ward which caters patients admitted with cardiovascular problems. Research Instrument The researcher utilized Gordons functional health pattern as a research instrument which is categorized in 11 domains namely health perception management pattern which explains of what the client perceives in her condition, nutritional-metabolic pattern explains for the diet of the client and regarding food groups and the number of servings per day, elimination pattern pertains to urinary and bowel patterns, exercise- activity pattern points out to the activities of daily living of the client which also includes exercise, sleep-rest pattern defines the number of hours the client sleeps or on what time of the day the client takes his rest/ either its continuous or disturbed, cognitive perceptual pattern refers to the level of cognitive maturation of the client, self-perception pattern means on how the client perceives or sees herself, role-relationship pattern explains the role of the client in her family and society, sexuality-sexual functioning this domain explains if the client is sexually active or not and the number and age gap of the children the client has, coping-stress management pattern means on how the client would react to stress and what would the client do to resolve it , and values-belief system identifies the belief or religion of the client and their religious practices. Data gathering procedure A transmittal letter was sent to the chief nurse of cebu city medical center. The researcher chose a client which had an acute condition to be interviewed, prior to the interview the researcher explained to the client the purpose and the goals of the interview, wherein the client agreed with her full consent and understanding. The researcher conducted a chart review of the client followed by doing a physical assessment and did an interview utilizing Gordon’s Health pattern tool. Chapter 2 Results and Discussion This chapter presents an appraisal utilizing the Neuman Systems Model in assessing and dealing with clients with hypokalemia. Situational Appraisal The client is a 38-year old female, which currently resides at baranggay ylaya talamban Cebu City. She was born on march 10, 1975, she is a Roman Catholic by faith and is the youngest amongst two daughters of the second family her father had, and is now an orphan and a widow. She perceives her current condition as a payment for her sins, the client’s sister said that the client had times where she had epilepsy and sometimes with seizures but it disappeared later in time .She is currently unemployed and only works as an extra even though she had an unstable source of income she still managed to eat 3 times daily but with limitation of food intake vegetable is the main food source that they can afford and is only in a single food group drinks water depending on her needs or if she is thirsty. Elimination pattern is on a daily basis or depending upon the urge. Her daily activity includes waking up, sleeping, and goes to work which is considered as sedentary. Sleep and rest patterns are altered she sleeps 6-9 hours daily but is interrupted she wakes up at night and has difficulties in falling back to sleep. The client was a third year high school level but it was not a hindrance to her to find a job. The client views herself as helpless and hopeless at some times due to her illness. She was the youngest daughter she sought all the attention of her parents but she did not rely on them she worked hard to be employed and she found a job as a factory worker her elder sister was had a child and which she also loved as her own, and later was married. She was married but never had a child but she acted as a mother to her sister’s son, in her current state she has no partner in life and is not sexually active for her living a single life free of obligations is fine, following by the loss of both her parents she was on depressed and drowned herself in her work just to get over following her loss, it was also aggravated when her husband died in an accident which she had the hard time to accept and was depressed which made her let go of her job, the most depressed moment of her life where she resorted to the use of prohibited drugs happened when her nephew died it was the most painful loss for her because she treated her nephew as her own son. The only family member that is left with her is her elder sister all of her siblings on her father’s first family is not close to them. The client believed that her present condition is a punishment to her since she forgot her obligations in the church and thought being a creditor is a sin and she is paying for it. Theory-Based Assessment Physiological loss of system stability demonstrated in muscle weakness as seen in difficulty in breathing and inability to ambulate Psychological loss of system stability demonstrated in feelings of uselessness and helplessness Sociocultural loss of system stability seen in lack of financial support upon hospitalization and relative support Developmental loss of system stability seen in unemployment, dependence, and a decrease in competency in current age bracket. Spiritual loss of system stability in feelings of uselessness Psychopathophysiology The first is deficient intake. Poor potassium intake alone is an uncommon cause of hypokalemia but occasionally can be seen in very elderly individuals unable to cook for themselves or unable to chew or swallow well. Over time, such individuals can accumulate a significant potassium deficit. Another clinical situation where hypokalemia may occur due to poor intake is in patients receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN), where potassium supplementation may be inadequate for a prolonged period of time. The second is increased excretion. Increased excretion of potassium, especially coupled with poor intake, is the most common cause of hypokalemia. The most common mechanisms leading to increased renal potassium losses include enhanced sodium delivery to the collecting duct, as with diuretics; mineralocorticoid excess, as with primary or secondary hyperaldosteronism; or increased urine flow, as with an osmotic diuresis. Gastrointestinal losses, most commonly from diarrhea, also are common causes of hypokalemia. Vomiting is a common cause of hypokalemia, but the pathogenesis of the hypokalemia is complex. Gastric fluid itself contains little potassium, approximately 10 mEq/L. However, vomiting produces volume depletion and metabolic alkalosis. These 2 processes are accompanied by increased renal potassium excretion. Volume depletion leads to secondary hyperaldosteronism, which, in turn, leads to enhanced cortical collecting tubule secretion of potassium in response to enhanced sodium reabsorption. Metabolic alkalosis also increases collecting tubule potassium secretion due to the decreased availability of hydrogen ions for secretion in response to sodium reabsorption. The third is due to a shift from extracellular to intracellular space. This pathogenetic mechanism also often accompanies increased excretion, leading to a potentiation of the hypokalemic effect of excessive loss. Intracellular shifts of potassium often are episodic and frequently are self-limited, for example, with acute insulin therapy for hyperglycemia. Regardless of the cause, hypokalemia produces similar signs and symptoms. Because potassium is overwhelmingly an intracellular cation and because a variety of factors can regulate the actual serum potassium concentration, an individual can incur very substantial potassium losses without exhibiting frank hypokalemia. Conversely, hypokalemia does not always reflect a true deficit in total body potassium stores. Variance from wellness| Nursing intervention| Reconstitution| Weak extremitiesSubjective cues: â€Å"dili nako malihok ako mga tiil† as verbalized by the client.Objective cues: * Client lying on bed * Foot plantar flexed. * Weak muscle strength and low muscle tone on extremities.Difficulty in breathingSubjective cues: â€Å" usahay mag lisod ko ug ginhawa† as verbalized by the clientObjective cues: * Enlarged chest cavity. * Use of accessory muscles in breathing * Fast deep breaths * Presence of nasal prongs at the bedside.Risks for muscle atrophy and foot droppingSubjective cues: mura ug ning gamay akong mga bati-is† as verbalized by the client.Objective cues: * Client is lying on bed * Foot plantar flexed * Immobility of the lower extremities * No presence of foot board * No ROM exercises done.| * Promote ROM exercises to prevent muscle atrophy on the affected limb * Provide foot board to support the foot and avoid plantarflexion which causes foot drop. * Encourage the client to eat a balanced diet paired with bananas for potassium replacement * Administer medications as prescribed * Monitor the client for any complications * Position the client on semi-fowlers position. * Instruct client to do abdominal breathing or pursed lip breathing. * Monitor for signs of hypoxia * Administer oxygen prn as prescribed. * Promote ROM exercises. * Provide foot board. * Encourage the S.O. to do sponge bathing to promote circulation. * Encourage the client to move the and exercise the toes of the feet.| Goal: demonstrated techniques and lifestyle changes to meet physiologic needs.Reconstitution: lines of resistance building.Goal: promoted techniques and exercises to meet physiologic needsReconstitution: lines of resistance buildingGoal: promoted techniques and exercises to prevent the occurrence of physiologic problemsReconstitution: lines of resistance building and strengthening the flexible lines of defense. Response of the client on the Interventions Provided The client was able to see through herself on identifying and prioritizing the problems through based on her judgment and of the researcher’s appraisal of her identified stressor the client was able to recuperate in the treatment, the client was able to come up with solutions on the problems that were most attainable and most important to her which is attaining the optimum level of functioning. The client was able to gain a boosted self-esteem and a positive outlook in life, reconstitution of her lines of defense and strengthening each lines is in progress, through positive feedback the client was able to see through it all that the physiological body is not just the only factor in healing but it should comprise the mind, the spirit, the society, and development to achieve a wholistic and faster recovery from illness. Conclusion and Recommendations Conclusions The Neuman Systems Model was effective, efficient in providing a wholistic nursing care to the client with hypokalemia. The assessment made was thorough and was based on the what the client and the care provider perceives thereby giving a collaborative and specific hint as to what the problem is wherein effective solutions can be brought up. Though the system is quite complicated and challenging at some times, it just needs practice in implementing the model to be able to familiarize it. The research concluded that the Neuman Systems Model is an effective tool which can enhance the nurses critical and analytical thinking by the data gathered based on the client’s initial response and the nurses judgment thereby minimizing the occurrence of an error in identifying problems and providing nursing care. Recommendations Based on the findings, observations and the conclusion utilizing the Neuman Systems Model is effective and wholistic enough in the approach of a client with hypokalemia. The following are the researchers suggestions and recommendations 1 nurse practitioners should do a thorough assessment on their clients not only by identifying the main problems but also by assessing the person as a whole it could be done through the use of the Neuman Systems assessment and evaluation tool. 2 Interventions differ from client to client others may vary but there is no such thing as a uniformed intervention thereby it is necessary for the nurse to assess for the needs of the client. Bibliography Burns and Grove (2003) Understanding Nursing research 3rd edition W. B. Saunders, Elsevier Company Fawcett, Jacqueline (1995) Analysis and Evaluation of Conceptual Models of Nursing 3rd ed. F.A. Davis Company Frisch N., Frisch L. (2006) Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing 3rd ed. Thomson Delmar Learning Company Karch, Amy (2008) Lippincotts Nursing Drug Guide: Wolters Kluwer Lippincott Williams Wilkins Company Medical-Surgical Nursing Made Incredible Easy (2004). Lippincott Williams Wilkins Company Springhouse Neuman, Betty and Fawcett, Jacqueline 2002 The Neuman Systems Model 4th edition Prentice Hall Company

Essay --

The Role of Business in Society The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the role of business in society, concept of ethical leadership and the reasons leaders in businesses must utilize critical thinking, management decision-making, motivation and the requirement of followers in order to lead effectively. A business’ effect on a society is an important thing to consider, because a community can create an encouraging reputation, attract new customers and encourage customer loyalty to businesses. Every business is distinct in its own way whether it serves a specific functional market or relies on an owner's enthusiasm and special skills. However, all businesses have some of the same basic needs and limitations. Businesses are the growth medium of the economy. The primary role of business in the economy is to perform as a channel for economic development. The economy depends upon the employment provided by businesses and the goods and services in which they produce. In general, businesses pay taxes in which the government functions on these taxes collected. Therefore, businesses are an essential part of the economy. Businesses require people’s trust and acceptance. By doing so, businesses must serve people and not just the economy. The roles of social responsibility and technology in the marketing function means through social responsibility a business must be connected with the people and settings in which it serves. Being socially responsible means a business shows interest in its customers. Social responsibility and the evolution of technology have had a noteworthy influence on marketing. The technology growth has transformed businesses. In doing so, it has altered the stability of power from producers to con... ...ue-oriented relationships between businesses and the society that they serve. Marketing should be an exhilarating and worthwhile part of running a business. In order for businesses to get its full potential, leaders must spend time working on the business rather than working in the business. I feel that the connections should be entwined. Businesses should have a close relationship. An exemplary leader must create a culture that allows healthy relationships to thrive. Relationships form the basis of a network of trust among others. This trust fosters critical thinking, high expectations of everyone involved and a focus on improvement. Allowing stakeholders and the society to feel that they contribute to the achievement of organizational goals and participation in the decision making process to a degree provide desired commitment and trust to businesses.

Best Man Wedding Speech -- Wedding Toasts Roasts Speeches

Best Man Wedding Speech Good Evening everybody...I hope you are all enjoying everything so far...My name is Frank Levy, and I am Rick's Best Man for the evening. I happened to find out that there was a pool going on as to how long my Best Man's speech was going to be, and I was the only one who bought in at 60 minutes, so you might as well all just relax, sit back and enjoy the ride. When Rick first asked me to be a "Best Man", I wasn't really sure what my responsibilities were suppossed to be. I asked around, and was told that my main duties for today were: To ensure that the groom arrives on time, To make sure he is sober, And to make sure he is looking good. Well 2 out of 3 isn?t bad... After all I?m best man, not a plastic surgeon! I was also worried about how long...

Analyzing Messages Paper

Analyzing Messages Paper Tony Aron COMM 470 November 22, 2010 Brookie A. Allphin Ph. D. Analyzing Messages Paper The skill to create, send and receive messages requires responsiveness and dialogue by both the sender of the message and the receiver of the message. The sender of the message must be attentive of the climate of the message that has been composed. The receiver of the message must be open to message that’s being sent. Effective communication is crucial when sending a message and receiving a message.How a message is sent affects how the receiver comprehends the intended message. The purpose of message 1 which is listed as appendix A was to inform, to persuade, and to provoke me the receiver to take action. The sender of the message is Mrs. Smith a group sales specialist. The receiver in this message is I. The message is informing me of an upcoming event in which my wife, who owns a daycare center will possibly take her students. The message was also meant to persuade me to act quickly in purchasing tickets. There was not an environment because the message was sent via email.The technology that is being used for this particular message is email. There was no noise with this message internally or externally. The feedback was rather quick and in the form of a follow up question. The message and technology used to convey this message were appropriate give the environment and purpose. The content, media and technology of the feedback were appropriate as well for the purpose and audience. The purpose of message 2 which is listed as appendix B was to inform. The receiver of the message is Mrs. Smith a group sales specialist.The sender in this message is I. The message is me my responding to an email I received about an upcoming event in which my wife, who owns a daycare center will possibly take her students. There was not an environment because the message was sent via email. The technology that is being used for this particular message is email. The re was no noise with this message internally or externally. The feedback was rather quick and in the form of a response to a follow up question. The message and technology used to convey this message were appropriate give the environment and purpose.The content, media and technology of the feedback were appropriate as well for the purpose and audience. The purpose of message 3 which is listed as appendix C was to inform, to persuade, and to provoke me the receiver to take action. The receiver of the message is Mrs. Smith a group sales specialist. The sender in this message is I. The message is informing me of more detailed information of the upcoming event in which my wife, who owns a daycare center, will possibly take her students. The message was also meant to persuade me to act quickly in purchasing tickets.There was not an environment because the message was sent via email. The technology that is being used for this particular message is email. There was no noise with this messa ge internally or externally. There was not any feedback. The message and technology used to convey this message were appropriate give the environment and purpose. The content, media and technology of the feedback were appropriate as well for the purpose and audience. Messages can inform the receiver, be persuasive or provoke the receiver to take action.A message is a type of communication between two or more individuals that expresses the sender’s intended message. When a message is receive, the receiver of the message should completely understand the intended message and uncover the objective of the sender. Appendix A Messages 1 Mrs. Smith to me Show details Oct 19 Hello Tony! Disney on Ice presents Princess Wishes is coming to the Mississippi Coliseum in Jackson, MS from December 9-12, 2010. We have a school show scheduled for Friday, Dec. 10 at 10:30 a. m. and would like to offer your students the opportunity to see this beautiful performance.Enter a world of wishes with y our favorite Disney princesses in Disney on Ice presents Princess Wishes. Tinker Bell represents the magic of Disney, as she whisks you through a collection of enchanting and beloved Disney stories. Join Ariel as she yearns to explore the world above the waves. See Snow White find her one true love. Discover a whole new world with Jasmine. And, watch in wonder as the dreams of Cinderella, Belle, Aurora and Mulan all come true. Be sure to see this magical show where believing is just the beginning! I have attached a flyer for distribution to your staff and students at absolutely no cost to you.Simply distribute the information through e-mail or flyers and they contact me directly to order their tickets. Call now to ensure you, your staff and their families have the very best seats! I look forward to hearing from you soon! Mrs Smith Group Sales Specialist Feld Entertainment, Inc. 3012 US Hwy 301 N, Suite 700 Tampa, FL 33619 1-866-008-0000 x xx [email  protected] com Appendix B Messa ges 2 Joanne I would like to know when will be the last day for us to get the tickets at this price and can we buy all the ticket at one time.Please email me back and let me know. Tony Aron (Kidz First ECC) Appendix C Messages 3 Tony, The last day to order the discounted tickets will be one week before the show. The sooner you place the order, the better seats you will receive, though. Also, I recommend ordering all the tickets you need at one time because there is a single $5. 00 processing fee per order (not per ticket). If you have any more questions, please do not hesitate emailing me or you can call the toll free number on the flyer and speak with Bill, our specialist.

Terrorism in Indonesia essays

Terrorism in Indonesia essays There are a lot of Islamic terrorist groups in Indonesia, which mainly include Darul Islam, the Islamic Defender's Front and Laskar Jihad. Many members are from the fighting against the Soviet Union in Afghanistan. The US retaliation for the terrorist attacks are arousing the sympathy of the members with other Muslims in conflicts. At the same time the conflict between Islamites and Christans are increasing the hatred between them. So these groups are strongly against Occidentals and vow to attack them. Indonesian Islamic groups make a great threat to the the people all over the world. They make a lot of terrorist attacks in the country. For example, they kidnaped many foreign guests and killed them. They produced two car bombs near Sari Club and Padi Club in the heart of Kuta in October, 2002. This explosion killed 187 people and 300 hundred were injured. The Indonesian government is facing many difficulties in solving the civil terrorist groups. First it is the largest Islamic country. Nearly 87 Per people are Muslims. If the government just suppress them directly, it may be overthrown by these terrorist groups. But Indonesian government is also pressured by the House. The House is calling for it to support the war on terrorism and control the civil situation. So the government of Megawati will have to compromise and face many problems. To moderate Indonesian Muslims and control the terrorist attacks Indonesian should first supervise all kinds of civil parties and communions, try to relax the conflict of different races and establish their mutual trust. On the other side the government should unite with international force and attack terrorism hand in hand. Thus terrorism can be controled in this multinational country. www.aph.gov.au/library/pubs/CIB/2001-02/02cib06.htm http://online.cri.com.cn/772/2002-10-13/69@104406.htm fsyz.com.cn/xuexiao/feshan/dh/kzxx/pzy.htm ...

Children in Competitive Sports Essay Essays

Children in Competitive Sports Essay Essays Children in Competitive Sports Essay Paper Children in Competitive Sports Essay Paper As more parents enroll their kids into competitory athleticss like football. gymnastic exercises. and swimming to call a few. the contention whether this type of competitory engagement is good or non go on to turn. Supporters for competitory athleticss propose statements like it encourages physical activity and Teachs good character while oppositions claim that athleticss are no longer merriment for the kids and advance an inappropriate win-at-all cost outlook. [ The best via media would be to offer a low-pressure merriment environment from the managers and parents that emphasize that kids have an gratifying time. ] The chief supporting statement to let kids to play athleticss is because it offers a healthy avenue for physical activity. A survey had linked a sedentary life style with â€Å"the development of cardiovascular disease. diabetes mellitus and obesity† in grownups with their beginnings rooted in their childhood ( Massin ) . Even more. many of today’s kids do non acquire adequate physical activity. disbursement about 20 hours a hebdomad in forepart of a telecasting. doing it the most clip spent on any one activity besides sleeping ( Boyse and Song â€Å"Television† ) . As a consequence. about a one-fourth of all kids in America are considered corpulent harmonizing to Boyse ( Obesity and Overweight ) . One ground is likely due to the deficiency of physical activity today’s kids engage in. An easy manner to forestall kids from going corpulent is to promote them to play a athletics which requires them to remain physically active. Besides. harmonizing to the consequences of a research done by a group on the cardiorespiratory system of kids. they recommended â€Å"controlled physical competitory activity in kids because of its benefits on cardiorespiratory map and the absence of inauspicious effects† ( Caballero 371 ) . Children besides learn many good values from take parting in athleticss and from winning and losing games. Sheehy learned the value of working difficult and persisting through hard times. Many times he wanted to discontinue because he wasn’t good plenty for the squad. but he was encouraged by his male parent to go on practising and as an terminal consequence of his difficult work. he made his high school varsity hoops squad ( Sheehy 19-21 ) . In add-on. Sheehy believes losing is a great manner to learn many of import lessons to kids like commanding their emotions and happening positive facets in a bad state of affairs. Furthermore. Sheehy believes that a squad has much more room for betterment after sing a loss than a win ( 70-73 ) . Finally. winning is a good thing excessively. It gives kids a end to work difficult towards and the feeling of triumph is a great wages for an full season’s worth of difficult work and pattern ( Sundberg 71 ) . In add-on. engagement in competitory athleticss is a great manner to learn kids many of import lessons that can be applied subsequently in life. A survey found that kids who participated in athleticss by and large scored higher for fight. However. in the same survey. they found that kids who didn’t play athleticss exhibited higher marks of restlessness and aggression ( Kanda ) . This was likely because the kids who participated in athleticss had developed a better character through playing athleticss. Furthermore. harmonizing to Heckler. some signifier of competition in immature kids is a good thing because it is one of the chief motivational factors behind success in the existent universe beyond athleticss. If a individual lacks a competitory thrust to win and puts no attempt into anything they do. so they will neer acquire anyplace in life ( Heckler ) . Besides. most athleticss require some grade of teamwork and cooperation in order to be successful. Therefore. teamwork can learn kids from an early age that it is necessary to work together and associate with one another in order to win ( Sundberg 72 ) . In add-on. it is possible for kids to cognize who they truly are and their ain physical and mental bounds through athleticss. They will be able to happen out what their strengths and failings are and can better their ain character by take parting in athleticss ( Sundberg 71 ) However. there are many grounds why kids quit competitory athleticss ; the figure one being because it was no longer merriment ( Engh 132 ) . Harmonizing to the National Alliance for Sports. 70 per centum of kids quit competitory athleticss by the age of 13 and neer return to play competitively once more ( Kendrick ) . Most of the clip. these kids quit because their managers and parents began to stress other things like winning alternatively of holding merriment. The manager might non give everyone equal playing clip. merely seting out his best participants for games and non giving some of the lesser skilled participants any clip at all ( Engh 85 ) . Furthermore. harmonizing to a canvass of 26. 000 kids. the figure one ground why they played athleticss was â€Å"for fun† ( Team Sports ) . Children normally have fun in athleticss because there is small force per unit area to stand out and they enjoy larning the basic accomplishments and basicss of a game. However. â€Å"making childs dressed ore on one athletics frequently takes the merriment out of it† ( Senay 239 ) . When parents start coercing their kids to go to pattern against their will. the kids begin to comprehend it as work and non as merriment and that is when they want to discontinue. The figure two ground why kids quit competitory athleticss was that there was excessively much force per unit area on winning ( Engh 132 ) . Many children’s enthusiasm for the athletics declines as the manager begins to stress winning. In the same canvass inquiring 26. 000 kids why they played athleticss. winning came in ten percent after bettering accomplishments and remaining in form ( Team Sports ) . Obviously. winning means much more to the parents and managers than to the existent participants themselves. It is of import to retrieve that these games are supposed to be for the kids and non a manner for parents to populate their hopes and dreams or past declinations and failures through their kids. Parents and managers should maintain in head that the participants of these competitory athleticss are kids who are looking for a merriment clip. non professional jocks whose lone occupation is to win. Another statement that opponents citation is that it is non safe for the kids. An overpowering bulk of voluntary managers are non decently trained for safely learning kids how to play athleticss ( Engh 81 ) . Many of these voluntary managers are normally male parents who have volunteered for the place because no 1 else was willing to make it. Therefore. many of them have non gone through basic preparation to give lessons decently and safely. Even worse. sometimes even the properly trained managers may ignore warning symptoms of exhaustion. heat hyperpyrexia. or hurting by coercing the kids to â€Å"tough it out† and hold a butch attitude during pattern and disregard any uncomfortableness they might see. However this â€Å"no hurting. no gain† outlook may hold unanticipated effects by doing serious athletics hurts alternatively of doing the kids stronger and tougher jocks ( Senay 242 ) . Besides. some managers may use insecure patterns so they can hold an advantage over the competition. One narrative went like this. A female parent came to pattern early to pick up her boy and found him in the coach’s auto with the heat turned on high while wrapped in plastic bags. The coach’s program was to coerce the male child to sudate out 7 lbs so he could do the 98 lb weight bound. Unfortunately. the coach’s ignorance and carelessness put a child’s life at hazard merely so his squad could hold an advantage in the upcoming season. Even worse. narratives like these can be seen in newspapers across the state on a day-to-day footing ( Engh 91 ) . Finally. kids may non develop good character because they are surrounded by and larning from hapless illustrations. The thought that kids learn by illustration and non words is even more applicable in competitory athleticss. Children are surprisingly observant about an adult’s actions. A survey which interviewed youth athleticss participants for moral issues they encountered in athleticss found that there were three chief jobs they had experienced which were equity of adult’s actions. negative game behaviours. and negative squad behaviours ( Stuart ) . Besides. the activities of boisterous parents during featuring events are likely the farthest thing from learning good character to their kids. Some parents can go excessively enthusiastic particularly when their kids are playing and may do riotous scenes if they believe that there was an unjust opinion against their kids. Furthermore. these riotous scenes may intensify into existent physical battles among parents. In one intelligence narrative. one hockey player’s male parent started a battle with another player’s male parent on the opposing squad over a little dissension. It ended with one adult male killed and the other charged with manslaughter. As the narrative goes. while one pa was crushing on the other adult male. his boy begged for him to halt and tried to draw his pa away while he continued to assail the other adult male ( Hegedus. â€Å"Sports Rage† ) . Another narrative made headlines when a bash started in Los Angeles affecting more than 30 grownups while they were watching a football game of 14 twelvemonth olds ( Parents Fight. ) . Even though these are utmost illustrations. they are get downing to go common happenings in the bleachers. Finally. I have to inquire. is this truly the sort of character that parents want to exhibit and learn to their kids? In drumhead. there are strong grounds on both sides why competitory athleticss should be prohibited or allowed. Research shows and recommends that playing athleticss is a great manner for kids to remain healthy. Besides. by playing athleticss. kids can larn how to cover with the worlds of life and see the wagess of difficult work. On the contrary though. many kids enroll in competitory athleticss because they originally perceived it to be merriment. However. as kids grow older and competition becomes more intense. athleticss may get down being seen as work and non play. Furthermore. competitory athleticss may non be as safe for kids as it is presently perceived. Untrained manager voluntaries and insecure patterns may take to lasting hurt to kids. Finally. because kids can be exposed to hapless function theoretical accounts like boisterous parents and managers. they may non be able to develop a good moral character if they are to larn from them by illustration. I think that the best via media between the two sides would be to offer a low force per unit area environment that emphasizes holding fun in athleticss. The chief ground kids take part in athleticss is so they can hold fun so it would be in the children’s best involvement to offer them merely that. One manner to make a low force per unit area environment is to non maintain tonss or statistics like points made or batting norms. In fact. it may besides be good if the tonss were non displayed during games excessively. Alternatively. points would be marked in secret and softly so that the parents would non go unruly particularly if the game becomes intense. In add-on. there should be a demand by all household members of participants to subscribe a codification of behavior that they will â€Å"uphold a certain criterion of behaviour and exhibit good sportsmanship† as some conferences have already implemented ( Hegedus. â€Å"Silent Saturdays and Oaths† ) . Finally. it may be a good thought to delegate people to invariably supervise the parents and halt any riotous behaviour before it can acquire out of control ( Engh 158 ) . In add-on. all managers should be decently trained in learning kids and supervising their wellness. They should emphasize keeping a healthy pattern environment like guaranting that their participants get equal H2O and take necessary interruptions if the twenty-four hours is highly hot or if they experience any kind of bad hurting. Furthermore. voluntaries should be required to take some basic categories and hold some type of enfranchisement so that they are decently trained in learning kids safely. Besides. contrary to belief. a enfranchisement demand would non discourage voluntaries. A survey done by Northern Kentucky University found that people would instead volunteer for a squad that required certified voluntaries and that a preparation demand and fee â€Å"would non deter them from volunteering to coach† ( Engh 160 ) . Finally. managers should be good cognizant that every individual one of their actions can hold an impact. whether positive or negative. on their squad. The kids are looking up to the managers as a leader and it is the coach’s occupation to be a good function theoretical account for them. In add-on to managers. parents should be good educated about how their actions can impact their kids. Coachs should keep regular compulsory meetings with lone parents and explain in item what the season will imply. how the kids are expected to act. and most significantly. what the function of the parents should be. Besides. if the parents are non able to go to these meetings. so the kid should non be able to play. Harmonizing to Engh. he has found this method of forced engagement to be really effectual in converting the parents to go to these types of meetings ( 154 ) . Children should besides be informed that it is appropriate if they complain about a certain pattern the manager is making. The kids should be encouraged and experience safe to speak about anything and everything with their parents who should in bend listen carefully for any marks of bad pattern or maltreatment. Besides. I think that implementing a confidential hotline to describe opprobrious patterns for each part could assist cut down bad coaching patterns. In decision. I think that competitory athleticss are a great manner for childs to merely hold merriment and bask their young person. However. it is of import that athleticss corsets merriment for the kids and non hold excessively enthusiastic parents or managers who are willing to win at all costs ruin their merriment. Even though there are many good grounds why competitory athleticss should be banned. there are every bit valid grounds why competitory athleticss should be allowed. Finally. kids originally started playing athleticss because they wanted a merriment and gratifying clip with other childs. It is clip that we returned the merriment to the kids playing athleticss and halt seeking to enforce grownup criterions on them. Cited Sources Boyse. Kyla. â€Å"Obesity and Overweight. † November 2004. University of Michigan Health Systems. 9 June 2005. Boyse. Kyla and Ellen Song. â€Å"Television. † July 2004. University of Michigan wellness Systems. 9 June 2005. Caballero. Jaraba. et Al. â€Å"Effects of Physical Exercise on the Cardio Respiratory System of Children. † An Esp Pediatr April 1999:367-372. PubMed. Bellevue Community College Library Media Center. 9 June 2005. Engh. Fred. Why Johhny Hates Sports. New York: Avery. 1999 Heckler. Tim. â€Å"Competition Prepares Players for Life Beyond Sports. † February 1999. United States Professional Tennis Organization. 3 June 2005.