Macbeth/Ultimately Responsible For His Downfall Essays -

Macbeth/Ultimately Responsible For His Downfall William Shakespeare's Macbeth is a tragedy about a war hero named Macbeth, who follows his ambition with evil and who is repaid with evil. Macbeth has influenced many works of literature through its conflicts between good and evil; heroes and villains; loyalty and treachery; and ambition and morality. In the story, Macbeth is ultimately responsible for the actions that lead to his fate. Although the witches' predictions are responsible for influencing Macbeth's thoughts, no one tells Macbeth to kill Duncan. Macbeth is responsible for putting power into the hands of Lady Macbeth and letting her influence him. Finally, Macbeth acknowledges his guilt of wrongdoing and is thereby responsible for his actions. Macbeth's ambitions spur him on to follow an unstated yet clearly understood plan to kill Duncan. Although the witches' predictions initiate Macbeth's desire to become king, no one tells him to kill Duncan. When the second prophecy becomes a reality, Macbeth immediately thinks of murdering Duncan. ?I am of Cawdor: / If good, why do I yield to that suggestion / Whose image doth unfix my hair? (I, iii, 143-145). For the first time in the story, we see a dark side to the brave and courageous Macbeth. Macbeth sees himself kill his ruler. Macbeth is horrified by the idea but his thoughts of going after his destiny still remain. Another example of Macbeth's early thoughts of treachery occurs when Duncan formally names his son Malcom as his successor. ?Stars, hide your fires; / Let not light see my black and deep desires: / The eye wink at the hand! yet let that be, /? (I, iv, 57-59). Macbeth is vexed at the Duncan's choice of successor and wishes to overleap the situation with murder. No one helps Macbeth's thoughts to prepare for the murder of Duncan. It is Macbeth and Macbeth only wh o is responsible for his own ambitions. Macbeth is eager to become king and wishes to reach his goal by any means, even if this means letting himself be influenced by others. Macbeth is responsible for putting power into the hands of Lady Macbeth and letting her influence him. Lady Macbeth tries to persuade Macbeth to kill Duncan but it is Macbeth who listens to her demands. ?This night's great business into my dispatch; / Which shall to all our nights and days to come / Give solely sovereign sway and masterdom? (I, v, 75-77). Macbeth could have told his Lady to stop her plans. Instead, he lets himself be influenced. Macbeth puts power into the hands of Lady Macbeth by letting her arrange Duncan's murder. ?Will it not be received, / When we have mark'd with blood those sleepy two / Of his own chamber, and used their very daggers, / That they have done't (I, vii, 82-85). Macbeth agrees with the plan, determined to win the throne. If Macbeth truly did not want to commit evil, he could have refused his Lady's arrangements. Instead, Macbeth accepts the plans and goes further by asking Lady Macbeth to ?mock the time with fairest show? (I, vii, 91). Although so metimes Macbeth wants the murder of Duncan, other times his thoughts show the contrary. Macbeth recognizes the thoughts of killing Ducan are immoral. Macbeth's is conscious that is thoughts are evil, yet he does nothing to correct the situation. ?My thought, whose murder yet is but fantastical, / Shakes so my single state of man that function / Is smother'd in surmise; and nothing is / But what is not? (I, iii, 149-152). If Macbeth were mentally deranged he would not be responsible for the outcome of his actions. However, Macbeth shows that he has a conscience and that he can differentiate good from evil. In privacy, Macbeth re-thinks his plans to kill Duncan. Macbeth, reveals that he knows what he is about to do is immoral, and that justice will be repay him with evil. ?We still have judgment here; that we but teach Bloody instructions, which being taught return To plague the inventor: this even-handed justice Commends the ingredients of our poison'd chalice To our own lips. He's here in double trust: First, as I am his kinsman and his subject, Strong both against the deed: then, as his

Research Project on Banana Peel Essay Example

Research Project on Banana Peel Essay Example Research Project on Banana Peel Paper Research Project on Banana Peel Paper The success and completion of this research project would not have been made possible if not for those people who, in many ways, gave their utmost support and earnest inspiration and from whom the researchers owe countless, immense and infinite gratitude. Mrs. Marie Jane F. Angeles, Research Adviser for her ideas and untiring efforts and unspeakable patience for the success of the project.Her increasing guidance and for worthy suggestions that served as their challenge to finish the project to its finest. Mr. Santiago Villafuerte, Head teacher-Science Department for his strict supervision especially in calculating the wise use of time. Mrs. LeonidaCabrido, Critic teacher for editing and putting this into final paper. Engr. Roger Rumpon, Professor CSU Carig Tuguegarao, for having shared his expertise in the statistics of the data. Mrs. Tessie J. Molina, School Principal for her untiring support and for the encouraging words during the hard times in the pursuit of this study. Ms. WendeceBalisi, Physics teacher for her assistance in the reproduction of the final manuscript. Mrs. Ruby Capelo for the display board. To their classmates and friends who undoubtedly shared their ideas and comments to the project. Above all, to the Almighty God who serves as a guiding light in the uncertain journey all throughout their entire life and endeavours, for without HIM this could not be made achievable. The Researchers ABSTRACT This research study aimed to investigate the viability of banana peel paper as a alternative to commercial linen paper.The study used experimental and control unit and which was visually judge and rated according to a three-point scale, 1-Low; 2-Meduim; and 3-High as regards to luster and smoothness. The data gathered were analyzed using the Two-way Analysis of Variance and Comparison Mean Test. Computation results show that lusterity across treatment and not across judges are significantly different from each other with a probability value, pgt;0. 01. Mean comparison test revealed that experimental unit is significantly different from the control unit. This means that the control unit is more luster than the experimental unit.Based on the result of mean smoothness scores of experimental and control unit as rated by 10 judges and subjecting this to an analysis of variance, the studies showed that there was no significant difference between the experimental and control unit in so far as smoothness is concerned Therefore, it was proven that in terms of the viability of banana peelings as an alternative to commercial linen paper, banana peel paper can be as effective as for commercial linen in terms of smoothness. INTRODUCTION: Background of the study Paper is one of the major materials used nowadays in schools, offices, etc. Some papers are made brand-new from trees either small or large trees are harvested just for the purpose. If this is the case paper companies will need to cut down trees to provide paper for the community. Today, with the increasing number of calamities, trees must be preserved to avoid flood, instead of cutting down trees for providing paper, there is a need to search and design a wise and cheap alternativesource of paper.The use of botanical materials is increasingly gaining popularity as strategic approach toward a sustainable environment and production of safe materials. Banana is one of the leading fruit grown in the Philippines and a consistent top dollar earner. It makes bananas abundant in the Philippines because of its tropical climate. More than 50 different kinds of bananas are found in our country. The banana fruit when ripe is eaten, living behind the banana peel. The study was made to make pape r out of banana peel, to reduce waste as well as the cutting down of trees.The researchers aimed to come up with a paper that is ofhigh quality but on the other hand must also be cost efficient, and most importantly environmental- friendly. RESEARCH PARADIGM Figure 1 R esearch Paradigm A diagram framework is shown in the above figure. It presents the paradigm, which guided the researchers in the overall conduct of the study. The input variables were the materials use in making the banana peel paper. Having done the process, the output is the banana peel paper. The arrows communicate the adjustments to be made through a feedback loop depending on the results of the study.Hence, adjustments could be made in the input or process. Statement of the Problem The study was designed for the purpose of making a paper out of banana peel. These reasons brought the researchers to conduct the experiment. Specifically, it aimed to answer the following questions. Will it be viable as an alternative to commercial linen paper? Will it be cheaper to sue than the commercial paper? Hypotheses Null Hypothesis – There is no significant difference in the luster between the experimental and the control unit. -There is no significant difference in the smoothness between the experimental and the control unit. Alternative Hypothesis– There is a significant difference in the luster between the experimental and the control unit. There is a significant difference in the smoothness between the experimental and the control unit. Objective of the study The main objective of this study was to determine if banana peel paper is better than the commercial linen paper in terms of lusterity and smoothness. Significance of the Study The study was conducted to make paper out of banana peel. It is equally significant to the following. Environment Using the product lessen the cutting of trees in the locality, and reduce the waste scattered in the surroundings Community. The insights and valuable information from this study would help people in the locality to make paper out of the littered banana peelin their houses and it will also reduce the waste in the community. Researchers. The gathered data would motivate them and help them to conduct further researches in line with this study. Scopes and Delimitation This study is focused mainly on the use of banana peelings in the production of paper. The researchers did not dwell on the chemical composition of the peelings.Time and place of the study This study was conducted at the Science Laboratory of Baggao National High School from July 20- July 30, 2012 . Definition of terms Banana peel the skin of a banana (especially when it is stripped off and discarded). Paper a thin material consisting of flat sheets made from pulped wood, cloth, or fiber. Use: for writing and printing on, for wrapping things in, for covering walls. Musa acuminata– scientific name of banana. Extract – is an aqueous solution containing the active principal of the plant. Control- Variables that do not receive any treatment.Experimental- The variables that receive treatment. Chapter 2 REVIEW OF THE RELATED LITERATURE Banana (Musa acuminata +Musa balbisiana) Banana is the common name for herbaceous plants of the genus Musa and for the fruit they produce. It is one of the oldest cultivated plants. They are native to tropical South and Southeast Asia, and are likely to have been first domesticated in Papua New Guinea. Today, they are cultivated throughout the tropics. ] They are grown in at least 107 countries, primarily for their fruit, and to a lesser extent to make fiber, banana wine and as ornamental plants.Its fruits, rich in starch, grow in clusters hanging from the top of the plant. They come in a variety of sizes and colors when ripe, including yellow, purple, and red. Almost all modern edible parthenocarpic bananas come from two wild species – Musa acuminata and Musa balbisiana. The scientific names of bananas are Musa acuminata, Musa balbisiana or hybrids Musa acuminata ? balbisiana, depending on their genomic constitution. The old scientific names Musa sapientum and Musa paradisiaca are no longer used Banana is also used to describe Enset and Fei bananas, neither of which belong to the aforementioned species.Enset bananas belong to the genus Ensete while the taxonomy of Fei-type cultivars is uncertain. ( From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia) In popular culture and commerce, banana usually refers to soft, sweet dessert bananas. By contrast, Musa cultivars with firmer, starchier fruit are called plantains or cooking bananas. The distinction is purely arbitrary and the terms plantain and banana are sometimes interchangeable depending on their usage. ( (http://en. wikipedia. org/) Related Research/Studies Musa sapientum peels were analyzed for minerals and anti-nutritional contents.The results of mineral content indicate the concentration (mg/g) of potassium, calcium, sodium, iron, manganese, bromine, rubidium, strontium, zirconium, and niobium to be 78. 10, 19. 20, 24. 30, 0,61, 76. 20, 0,04, 0. 21, 0. 03, 0. 02 and 0. 02 respectively. The percentage concentration of protein, lipid, carbohydrates and crude fibre were 0. 96,1,7059. 06 and 31. 70 respectively. Results indicated that if the peels are properly exploited and process, they could be a high quality and cheap source of CHO and minerals for livestock. (Department of Chemical College of Advance Professional Studies, Makurdi ).In another studies made, Musa sapientum prevent anaemia by stimulating the production of haemoglobin in the blood. Its role to regulate blood pressure has been associated with the high concentration of potassium (Benue State University, Makurdi). What further stated that banana helps in solving problem in solving the problem of constipation without necessary resulting to laxative. It can cure heart burns, stress, strokes, ulcers and many other ailments. The peels have been reported to be useful in making banana charcoal, an alternative source of cooking fuel in Kampala. Along with other fruits and vegetable consumption of bananas may be associated with a reduced risk of colorectal cancer and in women, breast cancer and renal carcinoma. In India ,juice is extracted from the corn and used as a home remedy for jaundices sometimes with the addition of honey and for kidney stones. Kudan reported that the peels in conjunction with other substances create a liniment for reducing the acuteness of the arthritis, aches and pains. The organic matter content was found to be 91. 00%. Organic matter measures the nutritional value (lipids, proteins and CHOI of a plant material).The high value indicates that the banana peels are good source of nutrient . The study of the anti-nutrient content of the peel indicates generally low values except saponins . This means that if the peels are properly processed could be good source of food for livestock(Joshua Waya, April 2007). The banana plant has long been source of fibre for high quality textiles. It is used in the production of banana paper. Banana as fertilizer work out with a number of plants. Bananas have a lot of health benefits. Using banana skin fertilizer is also a great way of recycling kitchen waste (Robert Marcello).Banana peels add several important nutrients to fertilizer including calcium, magnesium, sulphur, potassium phosphate and sodium. Banana peels can be use as compost or fertilizer as- is but the nutrients they contain may be released more slowly and the benefits to your plants greatly reduced. Dried banana peels have 30-40% tannin content. This substance is used to treat and blacken leather, fresh banana peels are an efficient shoe polisher. (Maria Kielmas, August 2011) Banana Fiber Textile Products Banana fibers such as flax, jute, hemp, and pineapple etc plant fibers. re all made up of thick walled cell tissue and they are bonded together by natural gums and support the branches, stems, leaves and fruits. Although banana plants and fibers are available in tropical regions in abundance, their application potential has not been exploited fully. At present, other companIies make the limited application of banana fiber ,for example, in making ropes, mats, and some other fields such as the composite materials. In recent years, more and more plant fibers were considered to be environmentally friendly fiber sources , and many countries are emphasizing the utilizing of these fibers. li-fei. com) Chapter 3 METHODOLOGY A. MATERIALS Knives, banana peels,Blender, A mesh surface, Hot boiling water PROCEDURE Gathering of Banana Peel The Banana peelings were brought by the second year science class. Some were brought by the reaserchers. Preparation for the Banana Peelings The banana fruit were peeled and the fruits were discarded or eaten. The banana peels where weighed by the researchers to get the right concentration and got exactly 156 grams, usually it takes 4 banana peels to get the exact weight. The imperfections in the banana peels were trimmed until only the banana peel retained.Chopping of the Banana Peelings The banana peelings were cut into small pieces/sections. A knife was used to chop the banana peel easily. Cutting of Paper Two pieces of paper, with an intermediate size were gathered in a waste can. The papers were cut into smaller sections. The blender was used to blend the papers with 250ml water within 30 seconds. Preparation of the Treatment The small pieces of banana peelings and small pieces of paper with 125 ml of water, placed in a blender and was mixed for within 30 seconds until the mixture was uniformed. Molding the TreatmentA mesh surface with a uniform depth of 1mm was moistened using water. Using a ladle, the banana peel mixture was spread over the moistened mesh. Drying of the Treatment The mixture was left under the sun for 24hours or until the extract was entirely dry. The banana peel was removed gently from the mesh. Then the paper was placed on a flat surface under the sun for it to become fully dry. Gathering and Analysis of Data The experimental and control unit passes through ten(10) judges and were rated according to a 3-point scale. 1- low; 2- medium and 3- high as regards to lus ter and smoothness.Data were analyzed using the Two-way Analysis of Variance and Comparison Mean test.

Natural disasters Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Natural disasters - Essay Example In the light of this, we shall assess the discrepancies in heads like frequency of these various disasters in two regions of the US, Los Angeles and Oklahoma City and deaths caused by these disasters. Moreover we shall look upon the measures taken by the respective governments for the natural disasters and how it differs. Comparison of rehabilitation process and Insurance coverage aftermath of these disasters in these regions shall also be discussed. The Northridge earthquake occurred on January 17, 1994 at 4:31 AM Pacific Standard Time in the city of Los Angeles, California. The earthquake had a magnitude of 6.7, but the ground acceleration was the highest ever instrumentally recorded in an urban area in North America.(1) Seventy-two people died as a result of the earthquake and over 11,000 were injured. In addition, the earthquake caused an estimated $12.5 billion in damage, making it one of the costliest natural disasters in U.S. history. An earthquake emerged in Sylmar, a surrounding region of Los Angeles and hit the Greater Los Angeles and California caused the fatalities of 67 and overall damage of $ 5, 000, 00,000.(2) About a dozen earthquakes have been felt in Oklahoma City. ... The most notable and largest of these occurred on 1952 April 09. This earthquake was centered between El Reno and Minco in Canadian Co.Its magnitude was 5.50. Moreover an earthquake of a ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. Northridge Earthquake Southern California Earthquake Data Center, October 6, 2006 2. abc7. com Anniversary of Deadly Northridge Quake.. 2007-07-08. 2 magnitude 2.2 was felt in scattered locations in Oklahoma City and Edmond and surrounding area. Oklahoma City has faced another earthquake (Oklahoma Earthquake) on 16 December 2001 whose origin time was 08:21:42 UTC/GMT and Latitude and Longitude were 35.643degrees N, 95.571degrees W respectively had its depth 5.0 km. and its magnitude was 2.2 m3HZ (3) Tornado Okalahoma city It's generally defined as the area of the United States in which tornadoes are most frequent. When high frequency of strong and violent tornadoes (F2 or stronger on the Fujita scale) and relative consistency of the season from year to year are used as criteria, tornado alley would include northern Texas, most of Oklahoma, Kansas and Nebraska, as well as eastern portions of Colorado and South Dakota.The tornadoes that hit Oklahoma City and the surrounding area on May 3, 1999, had the fastest winds ever recorded on the planet: 318 miles per hour. The number of people who died from this disaster, were 44.The overall damage was $1, 500, 000,000.(4) Los Angeles With 42 tornadoes, Los Angeles County ranks as the tornado capital of the state, five of which was ranked as

History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 21

History - Essay Example During the Middle Ages, Europeans had become keenly aware of the wealth existing outside of Europe, particularly in the Far East. Moreover, improvements in navigation and maritime technology during the 1400s meant that Europeans could access riches in other parts of the world with far more efficiency and effectiveness than ever before (McCannon 2008, 208). Spain and Portugal were the first European nations to venture across the Atlantic (Page and Sonneburg 2003, 481). Spanish reaction to the New World cultures across the Atlantic is characterized as mixed. Spanish ranchers, miners and farmers saw the Indians as a source of fre labor and set about attempting to and ultimately achieving these ambitions. Other Spaniards, particularly Spanish missionaries preferred to treat the New World Indian natives with a degree of compassion and to convert them to Christianity. Spanish bureaucrats were frequently at a crossroad, attempting to temper the call for compassion and conversion with the a desire to secure wealth by virtue of exploiting free labor (Benton 2002, 84). The Portuguese systematically took control of Asia building a commercial empire in the region. The Portuguese essentially established a monopoly over the Asian spices and other valuable products by seizing maritime control over Asian ports and acted as the sole trader between Asian nations and Europe (Love 2006, 27). Essentially, Spain and Portugal’s different treatment of their respective conquests were dictated by their respective discoveries. The Spanish encountered human capital rather than rich resources and therefore put their attention to reaping benefits in terms of free labor. The Portuguese encountered rich resources and focused their energies on taking control of those resources. In each case, the goal was to advance and improve economics and each conquering nation focused on how best to advance their economic positions by reference to the sources

Does Specific Types of Post- Acute of Care Congestive Heart Failure Article

Does Specific Types of Post- Acute of Care Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) - Article Example An evaluation of the methods is used to determine the methods which can be employed to improve the management of the condition and prevent readmission. Congestive heart failure is a draining ailment with an increasing prevalence in various sections and regions of the world especially among the elderly people. This illness is one of the major causes of hospital admission in various health care facilities around the globe (Khatibzadeh et al, 2013). The treatment cost that is associated with this condition is approximated to be $ 20 billion. Medical therapy for the condition has ensured that the survival rates have been increased. However, beneficial effect on the quality of lives of patients has not been widely reported. Up to 20% of patients with congestive heart failure are normally readmitted to the hospitals and health facilities within thirty days of discharge (Lloyd-Jones et al., 2005). This number or rate of readmission however varies region wisely and is also dependent on the insurance coverage that each of these patients have. These costs of readmission have necessitated the assessment of the various conditions that pres ent a risk of admission and interventions have been developed to prevent readmission. The prevalence of congestive heart failure diseases around the world presents a fundamental challenge to the healthcare system. Many patients suffering from this condition have to be placed under acute care within the hospitals, and this does not always end the problem (Calvillo–King et al., 2013). Once the patient conditions improve, discharge becomes imminent and the lack of proper care after discharge leads to readmission of the patients. This research seeks to identify the effectiveness of the post-acute care interventions in the prevention of hospital readmission. These interventions have mainly been adopted and implemented in seeking to ensure the patients receive comprehensive care and are not

Role of Line Managers in Human Resource Management (HRM)

Role of Line Managers in Human Resource Management (HRM) Human resource planning (HRP) or workforce planning is one of the classic human resource (HR) administrative tools in the estimation and identification of HR requirements used to meet the organization long-term objectives and economic opportunities. It is therefore defined as the systematic process for analysing the organization needs on how many employees are needed and what kind of knowledge, skills and talents is required in order to satisfy the organization needs (Armstrong, 2009:486). Line managers are required to provide information from their respective departments regarding to the strength of their workforce and what skills is required at the present and in the future. Thereafter, it is duty of the HR manager to gather and analyze these data which will help them to actualize the strategic plans of the human resource and by putting in mind to apply the economic theory when the demand is high the supply is low and vice versa, which will help the HR manager view the exact scenario in the organization and the labour market (D.Haffner handout I, 2010:20-21). HRP does not only assess the organizations current climate and its future labour but it does helps in the management planning of any needed recruitment, training and development of the right employee and the evaluating the progress of the organization which in turn helps in providing information to the managers regarding the need to review their forecasts and programs (Susan E. Jackson et al., 1990:223). Connecting business plan with HRP The objectives of any business vary from one organization to another which could be either short-term or long-term. Due to the constant and rapidly changes in the business, economic and social environments, these factors has played a great impact in many leading organizations to emerge their business plans with HRP so as to adopt a long-term plan. HRP is therefore the key element in every organizational strategic business plan in ensuring that its survival is sustained in the marketplace. Thus this is one of the responsibilities of the human resource in developing the human resource strategies that will be applied into the business plans. This is supported from the quoting of Kathyrn Connors (vice president of Human Resource at Liz Claiborne), who believes that the success of any organization strategies is by implementing the HR plans as shown in appendix 1 (Susan E. Jackson et al.1990:223). The human resource planning model in Appendix 2 shows how the various activities which are interlinked to each other and how they influence each other towards the achievement of the businesss SMART objectives, plans and its development (Armstrong,2009:fig.29.1:490) In a study case of British Gas, which is the countrys leading energy provider has implemented workforce planning model to help them predict the needed engineers who will help in meeting their customers quench for services. The managers are constantly carrying out a forecast programmes that will help them visualize how many more engineers they require in the future so as to meet the needs of their customers. Thus the British Gas success is because of the application of the HRP content in their business plans and putting customer first (Thetimes100.com). Looking at the PEST and SWOT analysis of Bio Energy in appendix 3 has the potential of growing because of its great and cheap services. Since British Gas is one of its competitors, they could apply the HRP principles and model as the way British Gas have. By doing so, they would be the of the top energy suppliers in the world because of their environmental conscious advantage. 2. Recruitment and selection Recruiting and selecting appropriate staffs is a great challenge for many HR professionals. In most of the upcoming companies the demand for labour is high but the research conducted by many HR managers is poor and still have difficulty in differentiating between recruiting and selection, therefore appointing the wrong employees. Therefore, this paper defines recruitment as the various steps an organization undertakes to attract applicants to work for an organization and meet its objectives. Selection is part of recruitment process that is involved in pinpointing the successful candidates for the jobs under reasonable and relevant assessment (Armstrong, 2009:515). A successful organization, be it small or large, always has an organized and a solid workforce that is comprised of well competent and qualified individuals. The human resource manager (HRM) and the line managers participate in different stages of recruiting and selecting the prospective candidates for their company. Process of recruiting and selecting Assuming that a human resource plan has been conducted regarding on how many more staff members are required, the HRM is then required to develop the organizations procedures and policies relating to recruiting new staff and ensure that the selection carried out in unbiased manner. Unsuccessful recruitment is when the companys money is been spent and no outcome is obtained, therefore HRM is also required to strategically plan a recruitment procedure that would be effective to the company. It is then the duty of a line manager to write up the role profile required to fill in his team. Description of individuals competency to perform/operate for example operating equipment and individuals skills, abilities and experience should be included in the role profile. In any role profile there is always an additional part that informs about the terms and conditions of the employment. One can argue about experience requirement because some of the recruiters don not require experienced applicants because in the long run they provide training at their workplace. The line manager should not over exaggerate the content in the role profile because unreal profile could lead to disappointment and dissatisfaction of the recruiter if the applicants do not meet their role profile standard (Armstrong, 2009:515-517). The next step is selecting the best and cost-effective recruitment method to attract prospective candidates. Methods such as internal and external recruitment, recruitment agencies and consultants among others are used by different organizations in recruiting candidates. For example the UKs public sector prefers to advertise their job vacancies both internally and externally which they believe to a good practice. Footnote? Before commencing, it is important for HR manager to initially perform an analysis for their organization before doing a scenario planning especially when the labour market is tight (recession).This in turn helps them to analyse and use this to develop the value of the employee needed and the brand of the employer (Derek, 2009:47-48,57-58). A survey carried out by CIPD (2008) on recruitment found out that a high percentage of candidates relied on recruitment agencies and the lowest percentage used journals for seeking jobs (Armstrong, 2009:520) hence it is crucial for the any recruiter to recognizing the best source of recruiting candidates. Choosing the BEST selection tools Anne and Nancy (2004) have described in their research findings how HR managers have wrong perception on the types of tools used for selecting employees. Poor selection of candidate is due to either poor use of tools or less time spent when selecting, thus it is the duty of line managers to carefully select the appropriate tool ensuring its cost and validity and analyse carefully on the characteristics of the applicants. The use of psychometric tests plays a vital role in measuring individual candidates in their ability, intelligence and personality (Anne and Nancy, 2004: 305-308). For example in an organization such Enterprise Rent-A-Car, the largest car rental business in UK has a well organized workforce of over 65,000 employees. Enterprise applies the recruitment and selection model in Appendix 4 to recruit new skilled staffs. They use the online recruiting method which they believe that is the easier way the applicant can apply. After the recruitment process, the HR manager will carefully select the appropriate candidates by using a standard documentation that matches the candidates with the required roles, qualities and skills needed in the organization. The candidates are then assessed by taking part in practical exercises and finally being interviewed by the senior manager for his final view (Times100). Howard self drive is a small upcoming company that deals with renting cars like Enterprise do. Looking into its external and internal context in Appendix 5 you can see its success is threatened by limited number of skilled staff. By applying the recruiting and selecting model used by Enterprise then they would have a better chance of being successful because of selecting the appropriate candidate for their organization. 3. Training and development The most effective way for a company to continue achieving its business plans is by expanding its strategies on training and development activities for their employees in order to allow them to flourish their skills and abilities. The theory a valuable employee is one who is well trained and has learnt, hence has shown continuous develop has been used by HR managers to ensure that effective training is provided to their employees and allowing them to progress continuously (D.Haffner, handout 2, 2010:26). The HR manager is responsible for establishing learning and development strategies that will be followed to achieve the better skills for their employees. In the other hand, line managers are in charge of planning training sections for their employees and assessing their progress from their learning and ensuring that every one of them has had the opportunity to train and develop continuously. The provision of learning and training opportunities in an organization provides the employers assurance for employees development and commitment to stay in the organization. Therefore money spent on their training would be worthy but this could also mean that training these employees would make them more competent and may decide to seek employment leading to losses (Derek, 2009:66). Learning programmes could be conducted either by informal or formal, web-based, self-directed or the blend of either 2 or more of them. Informal learning is normally considered by many managers as a source for knowledge but it is the best way to acquire knowledge from the fellow employees as they go by. On-job learning could be another way for learning where one can be coached, mentored, job shadow etc. This type of learning is cost free and more effective (Armstrong, 2009:666-673). For example Tesco, the largest British retail is keen in providing their employees training opportunities and evaluate their skills and abilities at their position at workplace. Employees are provided both on-the-job and off-the-job training. Training techniques used in on-the-job training e.g. shadowing, coaching, and mentoring and job rotation which provides effective learning. Off-the-job training is provided if new skills are needed. Every employee has a self-development chart which shows the learning progress. In Tesco, it is the responsibility of the employees to assess themselves on their development by setting their own SMART objectives. 360-degree appraisal is also been used in Tesco to assess the performance of the employee where the stakeholders are provided this opportunity. The development progress of any employee is rated from Red to Blue. Therefore, Tesco has applied the systematic training and Boyatzis models in appendix 6 in their training and developing program in t heir company for effective customer service (thetimes100). From the Appendix7which shows the analysis of Ganesh supermarket. The manager should apply all the principles Tesco have used for training and assessing the competencies of their employees which will bring success in their organization. 4. Health and safety (HAS) There are many activities occurring in our workplaces which are today governed by legislation that requires the employers to implement in their organizations so as to protect and manage the Health and Safety of their employees and other people who might be affected. The UK health and Safety work Act 1974 states the duties and responsibilities of employers, employees and including individuals who are self-employed on issues regarding to health and safety (Alan, 1996: 52). Health and Safety policies It is the duty of the employer, HAS officers, HR and line managers to bring about the policies and programmes of Health and Safety issues so as to protect their employees. These policies and programmes do not only apply to employees alone but also the consumers, suppliers and nearby communities who will be affected by what the organization does and produces. An employer should always have a signed HAS policy statement which acknowledges the intended agenda regarding to the safety of the employees. Although the issue is that the employer should implement policies on HAS but this relies on the responsibility of each employee to conduct themselves using their common sense. Assessing and auditing It is important to identify and assess any risks that threatens the HAS in an organization and be able to take proper measurements on managing them. A risk could be assessed using a 3-point scale or Holts and Andrews (1993) complex rating scale (Armstrong, 2009:963) which will determine if these risks are hazardous to the employees. It is important that the involvement of HRM, line managers and employees in the auditing HAS programmes as to ensure safety measurements are applied constantly. Training in HAS It is essential for every employee to be trained on ways to handle safety when a hazard has occurred but the issue is that it is not implementing into action. Many organizations only apply training when an accident has happened and at the time when vigilance has risen. This point is supported by the illustration below which was obtain from Herald of Free Enterprise, kings cross and challenges (Mark,1998: 354): many of the principles of good training are widely known in management circles and organization of highly quality will adopt them as part of their explicit policy. Unfortunately it is also true that organizations may pronounce them publicly and yet at the operational levels treat them causally. Senior management may fail to realize that this is happening. The true state of affairs only emerges when some disaster occurs.. A successful health and safety management system (SMS) is one that comprises of strategic plans and the implementation of policies according to HSE publication and British Standard guide which should be set up in an organization. A SMS model in appendix 8 has been developed to be applied in the management of HAS which shows how different issue influences each other in the achievement of safety at the workplaces (Alan, 1996: For example FirstGroup, is the leading public transport company have developed safety culture as one of their activities and their first priority is to provide safety to both their employees and customers. The employers of FirstGroup have implemented the Health and Safety Act 1974 in their organization and provide Prevention Handbook to their employees. Each employee is provided and assessed in their safety training programmes ensuring that each one of them is competent in providing first aid when a hazard has occurred. They have also introduced Disability Discrimination Act 1995 in their organization policies in order to consider those applicants that are physically challenged to join their workforce. Safety-themes are also displayed in their intranet and published in the companys newsletters. Conclusion This article describes the important of the roles and responsibilities of HRM and line managers in these activities in an organization and how they support each in various ways. Human resource planning ensures that the need of the right people at the right time and place are selected who are competent and able to fulfil the business strategies of an organization. Recruiting and selecting the applicants is crucial step for any organisation because of the difficulty in choosing the appropriate method and tools for selecting the candidate of choice. Finally, the need of training employees is an important issue today so that they are well profound with their appointed roles and duties at their workplace and making sure that health and safety in their surrounding is established.

The End to Slavery in the Caribbean Essay -- Slavery Slave Racial Essa

The End to Slavery in the Caribbean The Haitian Revolution (1791-1804) was the first successful slave revolt in the Caribbean, and it was one of the most important events in the history of the Americas. Along with the obvious human rights benefits that the Haitian Revolution achieved, there were some serious setbacks for the nation as well. Between 1783 and 1789, Saint Domingue was the foremost sugar producer in the region, but by the end of the war the economy was completely destroyed, and to this day Haiti has not come anywhere close to reattaining its once prominent economic status in the Caribbean. The results of the revolution sent fear through the European consciousness as well as strengthened the growing idea that slavery may be an immoral practice. In the United Kingdom, slavery lost popularity quickly and an antislavery movement was initiated. After May 1807, no British ship was permitted to leave with a cargo of slaves, and by March 1808, it was made illegal for a slave to be landed in any British colony. The law became even stricter in 1811 when the trafficking of slaves was made into a felony. Despite the attempts to end the slave trade, plantation slavery continued in the British Caribbean. Slavery was not officially abolished in the Caribbean until 1834. The termination bill which abolished it called for twelve years of apprenticeship for the â€Å"ex-slaves†, which was not very different from slavery. This system was abolished in 1838. During and after all of this vacillating lawmaking, a serious labor problem developed in the Caribbean. The key to the production of the Caribbean’s produce, mainly sugar, was the system of slavery. Slavery practically eliminated labor costs, and all... ...s felt as though they were being undercut by this new type of cheap labor. The blacks resented that their slavery had come to an end, but in order to compete with the new labor force, slave-like conditions were once again the only option. The "coolies† in Jamaica, as well as the Asians on the other islands began their journeys as outsiders living in terrible conditions. Today, a sort of blend has taken place in these cultures. A good example of the blending that has taken place can be seen in the music of the region. In rural Trinidad there is a popular form of music that mixes classical Indian singing with a soca beat. Soca is a music that combines the insistent tempos of calypso with the energy of hip hop and the quatrain-like structures of traditional north Indian folk songs. Tinker, Hugh. A New System of Slavery. Oxford University Press, 1974.

Apply Dsm-Iv to William Styron Essay

He chronicles â€Å"the leaden and poisonous mood† (Styron, 1990) that occupies most of his days. He reflects his diminished interest and pleasure towards â€Å"exceptionally island’s pleasure†, his â€Å"beloved home†, writing and other activities that he used to enjoy. He wonders how his friendly place seemed so hostile and forbidding. As a writer it felt helpless and painful to him when he found out â€Å"the writing becomes more difficult and exhausting, finally ceased† because depression has made him unable to concentrate. Styron’s statement of â€Å"two or three hours of sleep I was able to get at night† indicated that he suffered from insomnia and the everyday sleepless was â€Å"a rare torture† to him. It was clear that his insomnia evolved from middle insomnia to severe insomnia just right before his hospitalization (Andreasen & Black, 2011). Styron also stated his slowed psychomotor functions that manifested in â€Å"slowed-down responses, near paralysis, psychic energy throttled back close to zero†. Styron further describes his mental illness severity as â€Å"reached the phase of the disorder where all sense of hope had vanished, along with the idea of a futurity†. While these particular descriptions depict Styron’s hopelessness and despair, he also proposed a question â€Å"Why wasn’t I in a hospital† which implies his later voluntary hospitalization and improvement in his illness. In addition, Styron constantly thinks about death and suicide evidenced by â€Å"Death, was now a daily presence†. His house has also become a place that was filled with possibilities of committing suicide. These core symptoms in Styron’s case defined major depression and has presented for more than two weeks (American Psychiatric Association, 2000). Styron stated by himself that there was no manic episode occurs. And there were no evidence for a Mixed Episode. Although it was clear that client’s alcohol abuse history and his overuse of sleep medication play roles in his depression client’s depression are not due to the direct physiological effects of the substances or any general medical condition (American Psychiatric Association, 2000). It is interesting to address that client’s symptoms are not better accounted for by Bereavement but the unresolved grief Styron had toward his mother can be consider a major factor that contributed to his depression. The childhood trauma and the unresolved grief will be discussed later in this essay. In Styron’s case his depression began gradually during the six to eight month time frame. â€Å"Styron is on point in his astute description of milder dysthymic states that evolve into physiologically engaged forms of sever, endogenous depressions† (England, Ganzer, Foster, & Tosone, 2006). Based on client’s current situation it is reasonable to give Styron â€Å"moderate† with current GAF score of 65. Styron stayed in hospital for nearly seven weeks and discharged with an improvement in his illness and his functions. All of his statements of â€Å"I began to get well, gradually but steadily† â€Å"the fantasies of self destruction disappeared† â€Å"suicidal notions dwindled then disappeared† â€Å"had first dream in many months† indicated that he was in the process of Partial recovery. Not only he started to feel â€Å"peace† in his mind but also he was able to attend hospital group activities. Styron has high adaptive level of defensive functions at current state. The understanding of the causes of depression has evolved over centuries. While Styron was detecting his â€Å"forgotten or buried events† that underlay his depression it will be important to look into his case through the biopsychosocial lens. From biopsychosocial model perspective the three major factors which all play a role in causing depression are biological, psychological and social factors. There are three aspects that contribute to Styron’s biological factor: genetic, alcohol use and medication. Based on Styron’s memory, his father, a shipyard engineer, suffered from clinical depression. When Styron was a young boy he have witnessed his father’s depression and hospitalization. Recent genetic research supports earlier studies reporting family links in depression (Pittenger & Duman, 2008). If one or both of child’s parents have a vulnerability to depression, then it can be transmitted to the child. Therefore Styron’s father’s depression can be viewed as a risk factor to Styron’s later depression. In the narrative of Styron, he stated his dependence on alcohol and the overuse of Halcion for his sleeping problem. Excessive alcohol consumption significantly increases the risk of developing major depression (Gottlieb). Similar to alcohol, the increased risk for developing depression in benzodiazepines might be due in part to effects of drugs on neurochemistry, like decreased levels of serotonin and norepinephrine (Pittenger & Duman, 2008). Styron himself acclaims that â€Å"more significant factor† (Styron, 1990) to his depression was the death of his mother when he was thirteen. In order to view psychological factor in Styron’s case Styron’s early mother lost has strong affect on his depression. Attachment theory predicts a relationship between depressive disorder and the early bond between the child and parents. Particularly the experiences of early loss, separation may all lead to insecure internal working models (Ma, 2006). To Styron, the death of his mother has â€Å"created nearly irreparable emotional havoc† (Styron, 1990) for him. This huge hole in his life may lead to his insecure and self-worthlessness. This insecure internal working models manifest through depressed individuals often blaming themselves for negative events and may not taking credit for positive outcomes. Styron reaction towards can be interpreted as he subconsciously felt he was not worthy of the honor (Marowitz, 2009). Regarding Styron’s own insight of â€Å"incomplete mourning† (Styron, 1990) he is right about the unsolved grief can keep bring the â€Å"insufferable burden of rage, guilt and sorrow†. â€Å"The Styrons were a dignified Southern WASP fanily and open displays of grief were tacitly discouraged† (England, Ganzer, Foster, & Tosone, 2006). Since Styron was stuck in the phase of unresolved grief and using rage, guilt, and sorrow as the fuel for his work he never really learned a correct way to release his negative repeating emotions. Social factor in Styron’s case may be his social isolation during his early life from childhood to adolescent. As an only child in the family Styron’s social support can only come from his depressed father and mother with terminal illness. There was no one to share the burden and loneliness with him. As a pre mature and gifted child Styron went to school’s grade that did not match his developmental stage.

3 Types of Word Treatment

3 Types of Word Treatment 3 Types of Word Treatment 3 Types of Word Treatment By Mark Nichol Spelling, capitalization, and italicization are three aspects of writing that careful writers will attend to. This post discusses the importance of recognizing standards and making conscious decisions when contemplating deviating from them. Spelling Employing proper spelling is one of the fundamentals of composition. Unfortunately, the explosive increase in writing opportunities afforded by the internet and social media makes it easier for careless writers to spread viral errors. Where in the past, few print publications would allow mistakes like definately and predominately, today, such misspellings are rampant on websites and blogs and in texts, not to mention in some professionally produced print publications and on occasional television broadcasts- including in chyrons, the electronically generated captions that appear below talking heads on TV. Deteriorating writing skills and declining editing standards result in frequent spelling errors, and the only effective defense is a good offense: Proactively double-check spelling- using not just spell-checking functions (which are not infallible) but also print or online dictionaries (which are virtually perfectly reliable). Dictionaries and other writing resources also protect writers from using incorrect or outdated word forms. For example, the few remaining hyphenated compound nouns are undergoing an evolution, as writers increasingly omit the hyphen and treat these terms as closed compounds- sometimes in a conscious decision to accelerate what is almost always an inevitable process but far more often simply out of ignorance. Changes from, for example, mind-set to mindset and start-up to startup are inevitable, but the former choice in each case is still the form listed in most dictionaries, so avoid the variant until it becomes the norm. Capitalization Capitalization, which, with few exceptions, denotes a proper noun, in such usage distinguishes the specific from the generic, but it is employed erroneously primarily in two contexts. First, generic job titles are often mistakenly capitalized. When Jane Smith is identified as a senator, capitalize the job title if it appears before her name: â€Å"Senator Jane Smith.† And when the job title substitutes for the person’s name in direct address- when someone says or writes, for example, â€Å"Excuse me, Senator, do you have a moment?† the word is capitalized. In government or legal documents, the â€Å"publisher† may insist on capitalizing the job title even in isolation: â€Å"The Senator abstained.† But in all other usage, the term is generic- Jane Smith is being described as one of those entities designated as a senator. Take care, too, about capitalizing only exact job titles. When referring to Thomas Jones, whose official designation is director of communications and marketing, write â€Å"Director of Communications and Marketing Thomas Jones,† to be formal, or â€Å"marketing director Thomas Jones,† in more casual contexts, but not â€Å"Marketing Director Thomas Jones.† (And after the name, the job title is almost invariably not capitalized; a rare exception is the exact name of an endowed professorship. Capitalization is also standard after names on lists, on rà ©sumà ©s, and so on.) In addition, descriptions of people that identify their profession or role but are not formal job titles are not capitalized: â€Å"The truck belongs to electrician John Smith†; â€Å"She thanked team captain Mary Jones for her support.† Similarly, a term identifying a nonliving entity should be capitalized only as part of the full name: for example, â€Å"the Mississippi River,† but â€Å"the river† (with exceptions for poetic license, as when such an entity is personified), or â€Å"the Development Committee,† but â€Å"the committee† (again, in legalese, such terms may appear capitalized). Italicization Italics serve to call attention to a word, phrase, or sentence; two primary functions are to identify a foreign term and to emphasize one or more words the writer wishes the reader to notice. However, the pitfall in the case of both functions is overuse. In the case of apparently foreign words or phrases, double-check that the term is in fact still technically considered foreign; many such words and phrases have been assimilated into English (evidenced by their inclusion in English dictionaries) and are no longer considered to require emphasis. (Note, too, that some writers and publishers decide that when a foreign term is used repeatedly in one piece of content, and it is defined or explained on first reference, it is italicized only in that first instance.) And when considering whether to italicize a word, phrase, or sentence to make it stand out, think twice about whether the emphasis is merited or helpful; frequent employment of any tool or technique can diminish its effectivenes s. A third common function of italics is to call attention to a word being used to name itself rather than the concept for which the word stands; compare â€Å"Moron originally denoted a mildly retarded person† and â€Å"A moron is a stupid person.† Because of this distinction, italics should not be employed to introduce a term unless the word is described as a word, as in the disclaimer â€Å"In observing the historical context of psychiatry in the early twentieth century, we use moron according to its original medical definition: ‘a mildly retarded person.’† In spelling, capitalization, and italicization, as in any aspect of writing, the writer or publisher may choose to deviate from accepted standards, but the ultimate consideration should be whether the reader is being served by a decision that affects one or more aspects, or whether communication is being compromised rather than enhanced. In addition, a writer may ignore these standards for artistic reasons, such as in representing dialect or a fictional character’s illiteracy or overly emphatic speech patterns. Again, however, the writer should weigh the consequences of such a decision and practice moderation. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Useful Stock Phrases for Your Business Emails45 Synonyms for â€Å"Old† and â€Å"Old-Fashioned†9 Forms of the Past Tense

Phrases to Use to Confirm Information

Phrases to Use to Confirm Information There are certain times in our lives that we need to make sure we understand everything. That’s when clarifying information becomes important. If we want to double-check, we can ask for clarification. If we want to make sure that someone has understood, you can request confirmation that someone has received the message. This type of clarification is especially useful in business meetings, but also in everyday events like taking directions over the telephone or checking an address and telephone number. Use these phrases to clarify and check information.   Phrases and Structures Used to Clarify and Check that You Understand Question Tags Question tags are used when you are sure you have understood but would like to double check. Use the opposite form of the helping verb of the original sentence at the end of the sentence to check. S Tense (positive or negative) Objects , Opposite Auxiliary Verb S You’re going to attend the meeting next week, aren’t you?They don’t sell computers, do they?Tom hasn’t arrived yet, has he? Phrases Used to Rephrase to Double Check Use these phrases to indicate that you would like to rephrase what someone has said in order to make sure you have understood something correctly. Can I rephrase what you said/have/said?So, you mean/think/believe that ...Let me see if I’ve understood you correctly. You ... Can I rephrase what you mean? You feel it’s important to enter the market now.Let me see if I’ve understood you correctly. You would like to hire a marketing consultant. Phrases Used to Ask for Clarification Could you repeat that?I’m afraid I don’t understand.Could you say that again? Could you repeat that? I think I may have misunderstood you.I’m afraid I don’t understand how you plan to implement this plan. Phrases Used to Make Sure Others have Understood You It’s common to ask for clarifying questions after you presented information that might be new to those listening. Use these phrases to make sure everyone has understood. Are we all on the same page?Have I made everything clear?Are there any (more, further) questions? Are we all on the same page? I’d be happy to clarify anything that’s not clear.Are there any further questions? Let’s take a look at a few examples to help clarify. Phrases Use these phrases to repeat information to make sure everyone has understood. Let me repeat that.Let’s go through that again.If you don’t mind, I’d like to go over this again. Let me repeat that. We’d like to find new partners for our business.Let’s go through that again. First, I take a left at Stevens St. and then a right at 15th Ave. Is that correct? Example Situations Example 1 - At a Meeting Frank: ... to end this conversation, let me repeat that we don’t expect everything to happen at once. Are we all on the same page?Marcia: Can I rephrase just a bit to make sure I’ve understood? Frank: Certainly.Marcia: As I understood, we’re going to open up three new branches over the next few months. Frank: Yes, that’s correct.Marcia: However, we don’t have to make all the final decisions right now, do we? Frank: We only need to decide who should be responsible for making those decisions when the time comes.Marcia: Yes, Let’s go through how we’re going to decide that again. Frank: OK. I’d like you to choose a local supervisor you feel would be up to the task.Marcia: I’m supposed to let him or her choose the location, aren’t I? Frank: Yes, that way we’ll have the best local knowledge.Marcia: OK. I think I’m up to speed. Let’s meet again in a few weeks. Frank: How about Wednesday in two weeks?Marcia: OK. See you then. Example 2 - Getting Directions Neighbor 1: Hi Holly, could you help me out?Neighbor 2: Sure, what can I do? Neighbor 1: I need directions to the new supermarket.Neighbor 2: Sure, that’s easy. Take a left on 5th Ave., turn right on Johnson and continue straight ahead for two miles. It’s on the left. Neighbor 1: Just a moment. Could you say that again? I’d like to get this down.Neighbor 2: No problem, take a left on 5th Ave., turn right on Johnson and continue straight ahead for two miles. It’s on the left.Neighbor 1: I take the second right on Johnson, don’t I?Neighbor 2: No, take the first right. Got it? Neighbor 1: Uh, yes, let me just repeat. Take a left on 5th Ave., turn right on Johnson and continue straight ahead for two miles.Neighbor 2: Yes, that’s it. Neighbor 1: Great. Thanks for your help.Neighbor 2: No problem.

Managerial Coaching Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Managerial Coaching - Essay Example Having professional leaders will guarantee effective management of the trainee and other employee of the program. The training must take place each day with each of the athlete attending the training as required. Training is a must and trainees perform poorly due to skipping training secessions. Individual in charge of training must be having experience in coaching and at least an undergraduate degree (Park, 2007). The program must have a counseling psychologist to offer guidance and counseling to the trainee. Most of the trainees end up in drug abuse and availability of counseling will help them to cope with different situation. Stress management training will be offered by the psychologist to ensure that the trainees are socially and psychologically stable. The program must be free from corruption to ensure that only the best candidates are employed and the trainees are recruited in respect to talent. The progress of the program must be evaluated in regular bases like in two month to solve the problems in order to ensure smooth running (Allamby,

The end of Povery Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The end of Povery - Essay Example Poverty has sustained due to this unfair debt and there will be no end to poverty of this system continues as it hinders political and economic stability (Diaz (2008)). Thus, in order to end the global poverty, first world countries must try to look for ways in which the debt can be forgiven or compensated. The most important cause of the unfair third world debt is the colonization. The colonizing states had transferred an unfair debt on the independent states in 1960 which had to be returned with an additional interest. This meant that the newly born states were already under a heavy burden of debt which eventually hindered their economic and political stability. Moreover, it was soon realized that the only way to get rid of this unfair debt is to get it forgiven by the rich countries. The continuation of this system since decades has pushed the poor countries into extreme poverty (Shah (2007)). Many developing and under-developed countries are under the burden of unfair debt partly because of the policies of certain international institutions such as the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF). They have worst programs and policies for the global poverty which have been greatly criticized. The developing and poor countries have had an increased dependence on the richer countries. IMF and World Bank have continually claimed that they will introduce policies to reduce poverty levels but they have failed to do so as their policies have increased the burden of the poor nations (Jarman 54). Policies to ensure debt repayment and the economic restructuring have been imposed but the policies have simultaneously leaded the poor countries to reduce their spending on health, development, and education in order to make debt repayment and economic stability as their priority. IMF and the World Bank have also demanded that these poor nations should lower their standard of l iving