Adding Value Through Scm - 1094 Words

DB Forum 1 Adding Value through Supply Chain Management Dale Crowe Economic Theory of Adding Value through Supply Chain Management Young (2012) writes that supply chain management (SCM) is a function of collaborating firms working to improve operating efficiency and to leverage strategic positioning. In addition, Young references this function as not only the physical attributes of product distribution, but also to include related information, such as production or delivery status, and the capability to access such information. Such capabilities allow SCM to be an important link in fulfilling customer needs and providing value. Young adds that in the current customer-driven market, the perceived value of the entire relationship†¦show more content†¦The change and new sourcing strategy reduced the complexity of their supply chain and resulted in fewer disruptions. As demand increased for Caterpillar’s equipment, their supply chain was getting bogged down and operating slower causing orders to be delayed. With their new sourcing str ategy, customers were allowed to order from â€Å"lanes† with readily available options, as opposed to having to fulfill customized orders as they occurred, enabling a more proactive approach throughout the company (Katz, 2011). The lane strategy has helped Caterpillar improve their ability to meet customer demand; as this system consists of four ordering lanes serving a variety of infrastructure equipment models that enables its dealers to offer a wider array of customization choices with different lead times; customers are also given information on how to access these lead times and get order status updates (Katz, 2011). This type of information is one of the value-added services available from SCM. Conclusion Successful SCM is a function that adds value and increases the connection between the customer and the organization. Enhancing customer value and other value-added offerings is a driving force in the goals of an organization. SCM is a link to the successful achievement of those goals. Excellence in SCM brings real customer value and strengthens an organizations relationship with itsShow MoreRelatedUnderstanding Logistics Management and Supply Chain Management1746 Words   |  7 Pagesmeaning in operations Briefly explain how logistics management adds value to the operations of a manufacturing or service organisation. Introduction Logistics management and supply chain management are similar terms in business logistics, but these two terms are not the same (Murphy and Wood 2011, p22). In different decades, scholars made use of their knowledge and experience to define logistics management and supply chain management (SCM). In my opinion, currently logistics management is part of t heRead MoreThe Strengths And Weaknesses Of Mainstream Supply Chain Management1569 Words   |  7 Pages(2009) as ‘the set of activities involved in moving a product and its ancillary services from the ultimate supplier to the ultimate costumer’. SCM is therefore the discipline that aims to understand the firms’ practices and strategies in managing the supply chain. As I said before, many academics tried to build a framework for the understanding of it, but being SCM a relatively new subject all of them present strengths and weaknesses and it is extremely difficult to say which of the framework is moreRead MoreHistorical Developments in Supply Chain Management1151 Words   |  5 Pages------------------------------------------------- Historical developments in supply chain management Six major movements can be observed in the evolution of supply chain management studies: Creation, Integration, and Globalization (Movahedi et al., 2009), Specialization Phases One and Two, and SCM 2.0. 1. creation era The term  supply chain management  was first coined by a U.S. industry consultant in the early 1980s. However, the concept of a supply chain in management was of great importance long before, in the early 20th century, especiallyRead MoreA Cloud Supply Chain Management993 Words   |  4 Pages A Cloud Supply Chain Management approach to Small Business Small businesses are entering into a new era where older value systems and relationships are changing into digital ecosystems with emerging complex relationships. In the book, Being Digital, Nicholas Negroponte--the Director of MIT s Media Lab--introduces a simple and powerful model for describing and predicting the effects of digital technology on information exchange; he suggests that we re moving from a time where informationRead MoreHistorical Developments in Supply Chain Management1167 Words   |  5 Pages------------------------------------------------- Historical developments in supply chain management Six major movements can be observed in the evolution of supply chain management studies: Creation, Integration, and Globalization (Movahedi et al., 2009), Specialization Phases One and Two, and SCM 2.0. 1. creation era The term  supply chain management  was first coined by a U.S. industry consultant in the early 1980s. However, the concept of a supply chain in management was of great importance long before, in the early 20th century, especiallyRead MoreKey Term : Just For Time Productions Or Systems1198 Words   |  5 Pageswaste are key factors in driving down cost and maximizing profits. The challenge lies in the ability to reduce product costs while simultaneously adding value, maintaining quality, and ensuring adequate availability of the production system. The idea of manufacturing goods in a systemic process comprised of balancing inputs and outputs across the value chain involve Just-in-time productions or systems. This production system incorporates a philosophical approach to integrated productions plans andRead MoreMarketing Analysis : Global Supply Chain Essay1721 Words   |  7 PagesCommodity Chains in relation to Global Value Chain approach. Finally, it focuses on Global Product ion Network, describing how important labour and states are, as well as showing the limitations of this extremely complex scheme. Mainstream view and its criticism This first section provides a general discussion of the Supply Chain Management mainstream idea supported by Christopher. This framework focuses strictly on the firm and how Supply Chain Management (SCM) is addressed from a management perspectiveRead MoreIntroduction to Supply Chain Management System: Dell Computer Corporation1451 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction to Supply Chain Management (SCM) System Supply chain management (SCM) is the combination of activities which help a company to improve the methods to make a product or service and deliver it to customers. (Larson, 2004) SCM encompasses the planning and management of all activities involved in sourcing, procurement, conversion, and logistics management activities. More importantly, it includes coordination and collaboration with other people who are associated with the business likeRead MoreThe Transformation from Traditional Management Systems to Supply Chain Management and Customer Relationship Management Systems2385 Words   |  10 Pagessystems such as Supply Chain Management(SCM) and Customer Relationship Management (CRM) are implemented to integrate all organizations involved the supply chain that results in firms gaining a competitive advantage, adding value and improving efficiency to business processes, increasing profitability while reducing overall costs, and achieving customer satisfaction. With the limitations that traditional management systems present and the potential benefits of SCM and CRM systems, it would be beneficialRead More1.1 Explain the Importance of Effective Supply Chain Management in Achieving Your Organizational Objectives.1528 Words   |  7 Pages1.1 Explain the importance of effective supply chain management in achieving your organizational objectives. Supply Chain Management as defined as Maximising added value and reducing total cost across the entire trading process through focusing on speed and certainty of response to the market†. Competitive Edge through Core Competencies Todays business climate has rapidly changed and has become more competitive as ever in nature. Businesses now not only need to operate at a lower cost to

The Kitchen Environment - 1040 Words

In the hospitality industry, especially in the kitchen environment, teamwork plays an essential role that determines the section’s success. One good manager must know which factors create a good team and make that team work effectively and efficiently because randomly form a group of finest people does not mean they can produce high-expected results (Burgin 2012). Therefore, this essay will define the meaning of the kitchen environment, and will discuss the concept of teamwork, whilst providing examples of the writer’s experiences from within this subject. A team is where there is two or more member’s co-ordinate to achieve the same goal that has been defined by the organisation (McDonnell 1996). Teamwork in the kitchen may not be far from other management’s terms of teamwork. The basic elements are a leader, who ensures that the team train is going on the right track; a plan to draw the map that navigate the process; last are communication and organising to link the members together, thus the bond between them can be strengthen which is very crucial for long-term partnership. Every business should always have a person promoted as the leader, so as to lead the business effectively and efficiently, therefore he/she must ensure things happen as they planned (Burgin 2012). New and less-experienced staffs tend to find the captain to be comforted if there is any problem, hence, a good leadership should be reliable, supportive and understandable in order to give encouragement toShow MoreRelatedThe Environment Of A Commercial Kitchen919 Words   |  4 Pageswill outline and focus on the environment of a commercial kitchen, and will also be highlighting the importance of teamwork within a kitchen. Some examples of personal experiences I have had in the past, regarding teamwork will also be included. A kitchen in the hotel industry can be described as hot, hard work, intense and stressful. It is a physically demanding job, as there are long hours and one is expected to stand for long periods of time. Working in a kitchen in the hospitality industry givesRead MoreExternal Environmental Analysis1722 Words   |  7 Pagespaper we have been asked to accomplish an external environment analysis of the California Pizza Kitchen. In the introduction section, the purpose, the outcomes, and the methodology adopted have been mentioned. . As part of the research for this paper, a PEST analysis was accomplished as well as looking at the Porter’s Five Forces Analysis. (QuickMBA, 2007; Value Based Management, 2009) As part of the PEST analysis, the California Pizza Kitchen has to abide by numerous government regulations (federalRead MoreImportance of Teamwork in the Kitchen Essay1118 Words   |  5 PagesImportance of Teamwork In the Kitchen Teamwork in the kitchen is a basic requirement as it is the main key of successful performance for anyone who is, going to or will join this most important department of hospitality. The purpose of this essay is to explain the concept of teamwork and how it applies to kitchen environment. Also, examples of personal experience of teamwork in class are provided to illustrate its effectiveness as a way to achieve common goals. Dwyer (2013, p. 224)Read MoreThe Importance Of Team Working And The Keys For Successful Teamwork894 Words   |  4 Pagesespecially kitchen environment, it is of great significance. The purpose of this paper is to address the importance of team working and the keys for successful teamwork in the kitchen. A discussion of the kitchen environment and the writer’s actual experiences are presented, followed by the concept of teamwork in the kitchen and several keys to successful teamwork. Teamwork is necessary to develop and maintain the group commitment, focus and strength (Steve Sala 1995). In the kitchen, there areRead MoreCultural Typologies Of Indian Kitchen1569 Words   |  7 Pages CULTURAL TYPOLOGIES OF INDIAN KITCHEN ENVIORNMENT ARN-700: Seminar report Submitted by Sagnik Das M.Arch, 14510014 Spring semester (session 2014-16) Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee â€Æ' CONTENTS 1. Preface.............................................................................................. 2. Introduction.....................................................................................Read MoreAnalyzing The Interactions Of Volunteers At Mary s Kitchen With The Guests1705 Words   |  7 PagesDiscussion The present study conducted aimed at analyzing the interactions of volunteers at Mary’s Kitchen with the guests that are currently homeless. The data was collected through interviews and observations for six hours. Observations were focused on to see how the volunteers are interacting with the guests such as the tone of their voice, gestures, body language, and attitudes that were observed while the volunteers were serving food to the guests and while they were handing out donated itemsRead MoreRisk Management ( Crown Challenger Services - Kitchen Cleaning )1484 Words   |  6 PagesKenneth Ross Jason C. Sy BIC03816 Assessment Task 2 – Project Part 1 ï  ¶ Risk Management (Crown Challenger Services – Kitchen Cleaning) When you are working at the cleaning industry of Crown they all fall under one Policy when it comes to risk management and it can also be applied in other areas not just the kitchens. During my induction and interview they asked me a series of question. Most of the questions revolved around safety and security for yourself and your fellow workmates. I learnedRead MoreWhat Is Black And White And Red All Over?1529 Words   |  7 Pagesmodern kitchen decorative design is black and white and red all over. In a large black and white kitchen, white cupboards, white appliances, and white tile are basic white additions to the kitchen. Black countertop appliances, black fleck countertop design, and black barstools provide perfect accessories for the black and white kitchen. Bursts of red color displayed on colorful placemats, canisters, and floral arrangements can be used to bring focus and attention to a black and white kitchen colorRead MoreCharacteristics Of Society And The Populations L iving1648 Words   |  7 Pagescharacteristics influence society and the populations living in them. The agency’s educational director has her degree in criminal justice. Prior to her becoming employed at Life’s Kitchen she previously worked as a probation officer. This is helpful to the agency because a large number of students within the program have previously been on probation or are currently on probation so this helps build rapport with those students, but it also helps with referrals made from the Department of JuvenileRead MoreThe Presence of Bacteria in Unexpected Spots701 Words   |  3 Pages ¦ Kitchen Sinks: As compared to the bathroom sink, kitchen sink contains 500,000 more bacteria than the drain because its dirtier (Myers, 2009). The huge presence of bacteria in kitchen sink is largely attributed to the fact that raw food passes by it and through it every day. Secondly, kitchen sink contains bacteria because the sponges, handles, and faucets used by people are covered with these germs. Some of the most common foods carrying bacteria that passes by or through the kitchen sink

Market Opportunity Analysis Essay Thesis Example For Students

Market Opportunity Analysis Essay Thesis Market Opportunity AnalysisRuonan Tan0423688IntroductionIn our modern society , lots of companies are surrounded by the numerous competition and dealt with many questions , for example , are your products consistent with your customers current and future needs? Do you have a flow of new products to meet the information needs of your market? Are the products youre developing strategically significant? The answer is unkown , because the market opportunity analysis for every product is playing an important role in company s philosophy . Jerry Y. Wind has argued that Market opportunity analysis is key to the survival and growth of any firm including national and international companies , particularly in the competitive marketplace. ( The Lauder Professor and professor of Marketing, The Wharton School, Trustee, The Philadelphia Museum of Art) . The ever-accelerated updating of economic and commercial brings about a great number of changes and challenges in modern society , especially in the expansion of marketplace and influence of market opportunity research and analysis for different firms . It seems that market opportunity is playing significant role .Recently Hi-Micro company was established and have identified that the on-going globalization of the world economy, its strategic location, and the existing market structure provide them with a potential opportunity to develop as an international high-tech computer market leader. In recognition of the risks involved, Hi-micro test the market of Innovators and Mercedes to examine the basis for the opportunity, assess how these two products measure up against competing other companies , such as Wellbox and KnLs , determine potential market niches, and develop a strategic marketing plan. This current report, the Hi-Micro Market Opportunity Analysis, represents the process of marketing through the analyses of the following sections mainly for Hi-micro that are closely related to market opportunity analysis . The business environment and the forcesWhat is an on demand Operating Environment? It is defined as a set of integration and infrastructure management capabilities that customers and partners can utilize, in a modular and incremental fashion, to enable the transformation to e-business on demand. It is not: a single product, nor a brand, nor a platform, nor an architecture. The design of an on demand operating environment must match the design of the business itself. In order for more and more flexibility and componentization to be achieved in the business design, the infrastructure must evolve from silos of complex, over-provisioned, proprietary hardware and software to a standards-based infrastructure where capacity can be optimized across the entire organization. Through four quarters , it seems Hi-Micro is on a demand operating environment because of the following businss forces : Businesses always continue to look for ways to overcome new and existing challenges. They develop new strategies, look for ways to innovate, drive to increase productivity, evaluate their organizational structure and corporate culture. They may also evaluate their market needs and existing technology to determine how to create business flexibility and optimize the market infrastructure. In pursuit of achieving their business objectives, our company Hi-Micro face four main challenges in todays business environment : Continuous change ( technology innovation) Rigorous Competition ( with same color groups ) Financial Pressures Unpredictable Threats Due to the forces , Hi-Micro have to take the challenges , and these challenges for Hi-Micro require : New levels of business flexibility resulting in component-based business models that lead to greater flexibility. These business models reside on horizontal end-to-end business processes that are built to change as the needs of the business change. The new imperative for Hi-Micro is to support these business designs with a services oriented hi-tech infrastructure. Corresponding IT flexibility : an evolved infrastructure to support changing business needs, component-based applications that support horizontal processes, the automation and virtualization of resources, and business performance management Getting a high technology infrastructure that supports Hi-Micros on demand initiatives involves an evolution ary approach whereby existing technologies deployed today within customer environments can be used to extract immediate value and benefits to the business. The markets structure and where your new product is likely to fit in the market. According to the sources of the recent changes and at the forces allowing a single country to earn most of the producer rents. The change in the character of the markets structure in the world which is from US leader of the persistence of international technological and competitive advantages to more than one market . For Hi-Micro ,why were the United States and European countries, and not other countries, able to make profit from the opportunities to become world technological and competitive leader? What are the key performance characteristics of the Hi-Micro model of industrial organization? For answers the above questions, we must look at the interrelationships among four very distinct areas:1 Technology . Hi-Micro focus on the hi-tech computer production and sales , US and European countries are considered the most developed countries with newest and highest technology , most of people could accept our computers , such as Hi-Master and Hi-Magic. 2 Firm market . US and European s market is quite small but firm , it is good for Hi-Micro to set up sales office and web center there . 3 National support institutions . For US military , they could use our type of Mercedes Hi-Master to control some military weapon . 4 National innovation system. The Giver (synopsis of main character) EssayBibliographyBarr A. and S. Tessler (1997), A Pilot Survey of Software Product Management, in the Proceedings of the Software Engineering Process Group 97 Conference, SanJose,Breuhan, A. Innovation and the Persistence of Technological Lock-In, Ph.D. Dissertation, Stanford University, 1997. Brown, S. L. and K. M. Eisenhardt The Art of Continuous Change: Linking Complexity Theory and Time-paced Evolution in Relentlessly Shifting Organizations, Administrative Science Quarterly, 1997, v 42, pp. 1-34. Brynjolfsson, E. and L. Hitt (1996), Paradox Lost? Firm-Level Evidence on the Returns to Systems Spending, Management Science, v 42, n 4, pp. 541-558. Bresnahan, T. Measuring the Spillovers from Technical Advance: Mainframe Computers in Financial Services, American Economic Review, vol. 76 (no. 4, September), pp. 742-755, 1986. Bresnahan, T. and S. Greenstein (1995a), Technological Competition and the Structure of the Computer Industry, Working Paper 315, CEPR, Stanford University, Callon, S. (1995), Divided Sun: MITI and the Breakdown of Japanese High-Tech Industrial Policy, Stanford University Press. C,Barras, R. (1990), Interactive Innovation in Financial and Business Services, Research Policy, v 19,n 3, pp. 215-237.Timothy Bresnahan 07/21/9834Chandler, A. P. (1997), The Computer Industry: The First Half-Century, in D. Yoffie (ed.) Competing in the Age of Digital Convergence, Harvard Business School Press. Cadotte, Woodruff , and Jenkins, Expectations and Norms ; Woodruff, Cadotte, and Jenkins,Modeling. Ernest R.Cadotte Harry J.Bruce (2003) , The Management of Strategy in the marketplace ,Market Opportunity Analysis for New products , Thomson South-west , United StatesErnest R.Cadotte , Robert W. Woodruff, and Roger Jenkins , Expectations and Norms in Models of Consumer Satisfaction, Journal of Marketing Research( August 1987 ):305-314 ; and Robert W.Woodruff , Ernest R.Cadotte, and Roger L.Jenkins, Modeling the Consumer Satisfaction Process Using Experience Based Norms, Journal of Marketing Research ( August 1983 )Press.Bresnahan, T. and F. Malerba (1997), Industrial Dynamics and the Evolution of Firms and Nations Competitive Capabilities in the World Computer Industry, forthcoming in D. Mowery and R. Nelson, eds., The Sources of Industrial Leadership, Cambridge University Press Bresnahan, T. and M. Trajtenberg General Purpose Technologies: Engines of Growth?, Journal of Econometrics, January 1995, v 65, n 1, pp. 83-108. Philip Kotler and Gary Armstrong, Principles of Marketing , 9th ed.(Englewood Cliffs, NJ:Prentice Hall, 2001)Stanford, CA. Bresnahan, T. and S. Greenstein (1995b), The Competitive Crash in Large-Scale Commercial Computing, in Growth Development: The Economics of the 21st Century, (eds.) R. Landau, N. Rosenberg and T. Taylor, Stanford University Simmons Study of Media and Markets ( New York, Simmons Market Research Bureau,1998)http://www.atmarkets.org/content/currentarticles.asp?a=66http://www.researchandmarkets.com/reportinfo.asp?report_id=45568http://www.okokok.com.cn/pdayres/Article_Index.asphttp://www.devx.com/ibm/Article/16222http://www.fastcompany.com/online/61/ibm.htmlhttp://www.microfocus.com/closeup/vol2issue4/index.asp

Human Dignity and Problem of Rights †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Human Dignity and Problem of Rights. Answer: Introduction: Although many countries are trying to ensure all children are given the right to education, not all of them have been able to attain this right. Most of the international agencies have been putting various strategies for the universal primary education (UPE) to be attained but various challenges have been blocking this from happening (Gupta, 2015). It is the right of every school going children to attain education, and this can be supported by various catholic social thoughts like for example, the common good, the life and dignity of the human person, and the preferential option for the poor and vulnerable. The common good principle states that all human beings should be given adequate access to the goods and resources of the society so that they can be able to live better lives. It also states that the rights of individuals to personal possessions and public resources should be balanced with the needs of people who are disadvantaged and dispossessed (Osadebe, 2013). Based on the fact that education is one of the factors which give human beings fulfilling lives, it should be given to all children irrespective of the economic condition of their country or social class of their family. The life and dignity of the human person principle promotes the dignity of all people because it states that human being are equal and important because they were created in the image of God. It also asserts that human dignity should be seen in relationship to the promotion of common good (Whitehead, 2011). To promote human dignity, there should be equality in providing the necessities which make people to live better lives and education is one of them. Therefore, children in all countries and irrespective of the economic background of their country should be allowed to have an access to education. From this principle, nothing should bring inequality in human beings when it comes to provision of what can make them live fulfilling lives. This means because education has benefits, the benefits should be attained by all people. The preferential option for the poor and vulnerable on the other hand says that most people although are marginalized in the community should be prioritized when making all our decisions (Osadebe, 2013). According to this principle, Caring for the poor should be everyones responsibility. In most countries, poverty is one of the factors which makes children to fail getting access to education. Just like this principle asserts, those who are concerned should prioritize the marginalized for the UPE to be obtained. Comparing the three principles, it is clear that they have one thing in common: equality irrespective of the nature of society where one comes from. This means because education is a right and has various benefits, it should be provided to all students. These principles basically brings equality between the poor and the rich, by stating that all human beings should be allowed to get access to their rights. In most countries, poverty is one of the factors which makes it not possible to attain UPE (Maina, 2011). These principles have close relationship to UPE in the fact that the goal of UPE is to ensure all children gets equality in accessing education irrespective of the economic background of where they come from (Solarte, 2010). The common good, the life and dignity of the human beings, and the referential option for the poor talks about assisting all people to attain their rights and what can make them live fulfilling lives. The concept of self and community is consistent with the principle of CST. Understanding these principles helps people to determine how matters which relate to the dignity of beings and the realization of the common good can be addressed in their personal and professional lives (Orsy, 2014). The two provides knowledge and understanding for the development of the skills required to come up with strategies of addressing challenges where shared responsibility for the common good is not realized. Education benefits both individuals and the society and it is a right which should be provided to all students. Therefore, because it benefits both individuals and the society and it is a right, it should be given to all people irrespective of the economic condition of their country. The concept of self and community is related to the golden rule which says do unto others as you expect them to do unto you. The self-concept is a collection of beliefs about oneself while that of community talks about other people (Gaon, 2015). Comparing these two concepts, one can realize that there is interconnection between the two and the golden rule. The interconnection is brought by other referring to community and self referring you. In the education sector, there should be a common good of attaining this right and therefore doing good through ensuring all students are educated as one expect his/her children to be educated plays a significant role. Application of self and community concept as well as the golden rule can play a significant role in attaining UPE. The concerned bodies should also educate the society concerning the golden rule and the concept of self and community in their strategies of ensuring UPE is attained. To address the issues relating to the dignity of the human person and the realization of common good, I shall ensure there is nothing which makes one special than the other, or makes one to fail accessing the basic rights. For example, ensuring education is free and letting the society know the importance of taking their kids to school can contribute a lot in ensuring all children are educated (Kalb, 2011). The dignity of the human beings is said to be the foundation of a moral vision for the society and therefore I shall uphold all matters which can contribute to the benefits of both individuals and the society. All people are equal irrespective of the background which they come from and therefore what promises a fulfilling life should be given to all. Education plays a significant role in determining the kind of life which one lives and therefore ensuring all children access it is fundamental. In the future, I shall ensure there is equality in ensuring people receive what is good for them, and their rights irrespective of their gender, creed, ethnicity, age or ability are not ignored. I shall ensure I let the society understand that there are benefits of ensuring equality in all matters which make one live fulfilling lives. Some of these matters include education, employed, healthcare, proper housing among others. References Gaon, S. (2015). More Than Life: Human Dignity and the Problem of Rights. Mosaic (Winnipeg), 48(4), 54-67. Gupta, G. G. (2015). Post 2015 UN Global Development Goals; What Next for Universal Primary Education? Journal of Social Welfare and Managemen, 7(3), 67-89. Kalb, J. (2011). Litigating Dignity: A Human Rights Framework. Albany Law Review, 74(4), 12-34. Maina, W. M. (2011). The Common Good And/or the Human Rights: Analysis of Some Papal Social Encyclicals and Their Contemporary Relevance. Journal for the Study of Religions and Ideologies,, 10(29), 534-567. Orsy, L. (2014). The Divine Dignity of Human Persons in Dignitatis Humanae. Theological Studies, 75(1), 21-43. Osadebe, u. (2013). Evaluation of Achievement of Universal Basic Education (UBE) in Delta State. Education, 132(3), 43-67. Solarte, H. O. (2010). The Common Good, the Common Interest and the Decision Making Process. International Management Review, 6(1), 32-34. Whitehead, D. (2011). Education Diplomacy: The Way Forward. Childhood Education, 87(3), 90-121.

Macbeth/Ultimately Responsible For His Downfall Essays -

Macbeth/Ultimately Responsible For His Downfall William Shakespeare's Macbeth is a tragedy about a war hero named Macbeth, who follows his ambition with evil and who is repaid with evil. Macbeth has influenced many works of literature through its conflicts between good and evil; heroes and villains; loyalty and treachery; and ambition and morality. In the story, Macbeth is ultimately responsible for the actions that lead to his fate. Although the witches' predictions are responsible for influencing Macbeth's thoughts, no one tells Macbeth to kill Duncan. Macbeth is responsible for putting power into the hands of Lady Macbeth and letting her influence him. Finally, Macbeth acknowledges his guilt of wrongdoing and is thereby responsible for his actions. Macbeth's ambitions spur him on to follow an unstated yet clearly understood plan to kill Duncan. Although the witches' predictions initiate Macbeth's desire to become king, no one tells him to kill Duncan. When the second prophecy becomes a reality, Macbeth immediately thinks of murdering Duncan. ?I am of Cawdor: / If good, why do I yield to that suggestion / Whose image doth unfix my hair? (I, iii, 143-145). For the first time in the story, we see a dark side to the brave and courageous Macbeth. Macbeth sees himself kill his ruler. Macbeth is horrified by the idea but his thoughts of going after his destiny still remain. Another example of Macbeth's early thoughts of treachery occurs when Duncan formally names his son Malcom as his successor. ?Stars, hide your fires; / Let not light see my black and deep desires: / The eye wink at the hand! yet let that be, /? (I, iv, 57-59). Macbeth is vexed at the Duncan's choice of successor and wishes to overleap the situation with murder. No one helps Macbeth's thoughts to prepare for the murder of Duncan. It is Macbeth and Macbeth only wh o is responsible for his own ambitions. Macbeth is eager to become king and wishes to reach his goal by any means, even if this means letting himself be influenced by others. Macbeth is responsible for putting power into the hands of Lady Macbeth and letting her influence him. Lady Macbeth tries to persuade Macbeth to kill Duncan but it is Macbeth who listens to her demands. ?This night's great business into my dispatch; / Which shall to all our nights and days to come / Give solely sovereign sway and masterdom? (I, v, 75-77). Macbeth could have told his Lady to stop her plans. Instead, he lets himself be influenced. Macbeth puts power into the hands of Lady Macbeth by letting her arrange Duncan's murder. ?Will it not be received, / When we have mark'd with blood those sleepy two / Of his own chamber, and used their very daggers, / That they have done't (I, vii, 82-85). Macbeth agrees with the plan, determined to win the throne. If Macbeth truly did not want to commit evil, he could have refused his Lady's arrangements. Instead, Macbeth accepts the plans and goes further by asking Lady Macbeth to ?mock the time with fairest show? (I, vii, 91). Although so metimes Macbeth wants the murder of Duncan, other times his thoughts show the contrary. Macbeth recognizes the thoughts of killing Ducan are immoral. Macbeth's is conscious that is thoughts are evil, yet he does nothing to correct the situation. ?My thought, whose murder yet is but fantastical, / Shakes so my single state of man that function / Is smother'd in surmise; and nothing is / But what is not? (I, iii, 149-152). If Macbeth were mentally deranged he would not be responsible for the outcome of his actions. However, Macbeth shows that he has a conscience and that he can differentiate good from evil. In privacy, Macbeth re-thinks his plans to kill Duncan. Macbeth, reveals that he knows what he is about to do is immoral, and that justice will be repay him with evil. ?We still have judgment here; that we but teach Bloody instructions, which being taught return To plague the inventor: this even-handed justice Commends the ingredients of our poison'd chalice To our own lips. He's here in double trust: First, as I am his kinsman and his subject, Strong both against the deed: then, as his

Research Project on Banana Peel Essay Example

Research Project on Banana Peel Essay Example Research Project on Banana Peel Paper Research Project on Banana Peel Paper The success and completion of this research project would not have been made possible if not for those people who, in many ways, gave their utmost support and earnest inspiration and from whom the researchers owe countless, immense and infinite gratitude. Mrs. Marie Jane F. Angeles, Research Adviser for her ideas and untiring efforts and unspeakable patience for the success of the project.Her increasing guidance and for worthy suggestions that served as their challenge to finish the project to its finest. Mr. Santiago Villafuerte, Head teacher-Science Department for his strict supervision especially in calculating the wise use of time. Mrs. LeonidaCabrido, Critic teacher for editing and putting this into final paper. Engr. Roger Rumpon, Professor CSU Carig Tuguegarao, for having shared his expertise in the statistics of the data. Mrs. Tessie J. Molina, School Principal for her untiring support and for the encouraging words during the hard times in the pursuit of this study. Ms. WendeceBalisi, Physics teacher for her assistance in the reproduction of the final manuscript. Mrs. Ruby Capelo for the display board. To their classmates and friends who undoubtedly shared their ideas and comments to the project. Above all, to the Almighty God who serves as a guiding light in the uncertain journey all throughout their entire life and endeavours, for without HIM this could not be made achievable. The Researchers ABSTRACT This research study aimed to investigate the viability of banana peel paper as a alternative to commercial linen paper.The study used experimental and control unit and which was visually judge and rated according to a three-point scale, 1-Low; 2-Meduim; and 3-High as regards to luster and smoothness. The data gathered were analyzed using the Two-way Analysis of Variance and Comparison Mean Test. Computation results show that lusterity across treatment and not across judges are significantly different from each other with a probability value, pgt;0. 01. Mean comparison test revealed that experimental unit is significantly different from the control unit. This means that the control unit is more luster than the experimental unit.Based on the result of mean smoothness scores of experimental and control unit as rated by 10 judges and subjecting this to an analysis of variance, the studies showed that there was no significant difference between the experimental and control unit in so far as smoothness is concerned Therefore, it was proven that in terms of the viability of banana peelings as an alternative to commercial linen paper, banana peel paper can be as effective as for commercial linen in terms of smoothness. INTRODUCTION: Background of the study Paper is one of the major materials used nowadays in schools, offices, etc. Some papers are made brand-new from trees either small or large trees are harvested just for the purpose. If this is the case paper companies will need to cut down trees to provide paper for the community. Today, with the increasing number of calamities, trees must be preserved to avoid flood, instead of cutting down trees for providing paper, there is a need to search and design a wise and cheap alternativesource of paper.The use of botanical materials is increasingly gaining popularity as strategic approach toward a sustainable environment and production of safe materials. Banana is one of the leading fruit grown in the Philippines and a consistent top dollar earner. It makes bananas abundant in the Philippines because of its tropical climate. More than 50 different kinds of bananas are found in our country. The banana fruit when ripe is eaten, living behind the banana peel. The study was made to make pape r out of banana peel, to reduce waste as well as the cutting down of trees.The researchers aimed to come up with a paper that is ofhigh quality but on the other hand must also be cost efficient, and most importantly environmental- friendly. RESEARCH PARADIGM Figure 1 R esearch Paradigm A diagram framework is shown in the above figure. It presents the paradigm, which guided the researchers in the overall conduct of the study. The input variables were the materials use in making the banana peel paper. Having done the process, the output is the banana peel paper. The arrows communicate the adjustments to be made through a feedback loop depending on the results of the study.Hence, adjustments could be made in the input or process. Statement of the Problem The study was designed for the purpose of making a paper out of banana peel. These reasons brought the researchers to conduct the experiment. Specifically, it aimed to answer the following questions. Will it be viable as an alternative to commercial linen paper? Will it be cheaper to sue than the commercial paper? Hypotheses Null Hypothesis – There is no significant difference in the luster between the experimental and the control unit. -There is no significant difference in the smoothness between the experimental and the control unit. Alternative Hypothesis– There is a significant difference in the luster between the experimental and the control unit. There is a significant difference in the smoothness between the experimental and the control unit. Objective of the study The main objective of this study was to determine if banana peel paper is better than the commercial linen paper in terms of lusterity and smoothness. Significance of the Study The study was conducted to make paper out of banana peel. It is equally significant to the following. Environment Using the product lessen the cutting of trees in the locality, and reduce the waste scattered in the surroundings Community. The insights and valuable information from this study would help people in the locality to make paper out of the littered banana peelin their houses and it will also reduce the waste in the community. Researchers. The gathered data would motivate them and help them to conduct further researches in line with this study. Scopes and Delimitation This study is focused mainly on the use of banana peelings in the production of paper. The researchers did not dwell on the chemical composition of the peelings.Time and place of the study This study was conducted at the Science Laboratory of Baggao National High School from July 20- July 30, 2012 . Definition of terms Banana peel the skin of a banana (especially when it is stripped off and discarded). Paper a thin material consisting of flat sheets made from pulped wood, cloth, or fiber. Use: for writing and printing on, for wrapping things in, for covering walls. Musa acuminata– scientific name of banana. Extract – is an aqueous solution containing the active principal of the plant. Control- Variables that do not receive any treatment.Experimental- The variables that receive treatment. Chapter 2 REVIEW OF THE RELATED LITERATURE Banana (Musa acuminata +Musa balbisiana) Banana is the common name for herbaceous plants of the genus Musa and for the fruit they produce. It is one of the oldest cultivated plants. They are native to tropical South and Southeast Asia, and are likely to have been first domesticated in Papua New Guinea. Today, they are cultivated throughout the tropics. ] They are grown in at least 107 countries, primarily for their fruit, and to a lesser extent to make fiber, banana wine and as ornamental plants.Its fruits, rich in starch, grow in clusters hanging from the top of the plant. They come in a variety of sizes and colors when ripe, including yellow, purple, and red. Almost all modern edible parthenocarpic bananas come from two wild species – Musa acuminata and Musa balbisiana. The scientific names of bananas are Musa acuminata, Musa balbisiana or hybrids Musa acuminata ? balbisiana, depending on their genomic constitution. The old scientific names Musa sapientum and Musa paradisiaca are no longer used Banana is also used to describe Enset and Fei bananas, neither of which belong to the aforementioned species.Enset bananas belong to the genus Ensete while the taxonomy of Fei-type cultivars is uncertain. ( From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia) In popular culture and commerce, banana usually refers to soft, sweet dessert bananas. By contrast, Musa cultivars with firmer, starchier fruit are called plantains or cooking bananas. The distinction is purely arbitrary and the terms plantain and banana are sometimes interchangeable depending on their usage. ( (http://en. wikipedia. org/) Related Research/Studies Musa sapientum peels were analyzed for minerals and anti-nutritional contents.The results of mineral content indicate the concentration (mg/g) of potassium, calcium, sodium, iron, manganese, bromine, rubidium, strontium, zirconium, and niobium to be 78. 10, 19. 20, 24. 30, 0,61, 76. 20, 0,04, 0. 21, 0. 03, 0. 02 and 0. 02 respectively. The percentage concentration of protein, lipid, carbohydrates and crude fibre were 0. 96,1,7059. 06 and 31. 70 respectively. Results indicated that if the peels are properly exploited and process, they could be a high quality and cheap source of CHO and minerals for livestock. (Department of Chemical College of Advance Professional Studies, Makurdi ).In another studies made, Musa sapientum prevent anaemia by stimulating the production of haemoglobin in the blood. Its role to regulate blood pressure has been associated with the high concentration of potassium (Benue State University, Makurdi). What further stated that banana helps in solving problem in solving the problem of constipation without necessary resulting to laxative. It can cure heart burns, stress, strokes, ulcers and many other ailments. The peels have been reported to be useful in making banana charcoal, an alternative source of cooking fuel in Kampala. Along with other fruits and vegetable consumption of bananas may be associated with a reduced risk of colorectal cancer and in women, breast cancer and renal carcinoma. In India ,juice is extracted from the corn and used as a home remedy for jaundices sometimes with the addition of honey and for kidney stones. Kudan reported that the peels in conjunction with other substances create a liniment for reducing the acuteness of the arthritis, aches and pains. The organic matter content was found to be 91. 00%. Organic matter measures the nutritional value (lipids, proteins and CHOI of a plant material).The high value indicates that the banana peels are good source of nutrient . The study of the anti-nutrient content of the peel indicates generally low values except saponins . This means that if the peels are properly processed could be good source of food for livestock(Joshua Waya, April 2007). The banana plant has long been source of fibre for high quality textiles. It is used in the production of banana paper. Banana as fertilizer work out with a number of plants. Bananas have a lot of health benefits. Using banana skin fertilizer is also a great way of recycling kitchen waste (Robert Marcello).Banana peels add several important nutrients to fertilizer including calcium, magnesium, sulphur, potassium phosphate and sodium. Banana peels can be use as compost or fertilizer as- is but the nutrients they contain may be released more slowly and the benefits to your plants greatly reduced. Dried banana peels have 30-40% tannin content. This substance is used to treat and blacken leather, fresh banana peels are an efficient shoe polisher. (Maria Kielmas, August 2011) Banana Fiber Textile Products Banana fibers such as flax, jute, hemp, and pineapple etc plant fibers. re all made up of thick walled cell tissue and they are bonded together by natural gums and support the branches, stems, leaves and fruits. Although banana plants and fibers are available in tropical regions in abundance, their application potential has not been exploited fully. At present, other companIies make the limited application of banana fiber ,for example, in making ropes, mats, and some other fields such as the composite materials. In recent years, more and more plant fibers were considered to be environmentally friendly fiber sources , and many countries are emphasizing the utilizing of these fibers. li-fei. com) Chapter 3 METHODOLOGY A. MATERIALS Knives, banana peels,Blender, A mesh surface, Hot boiling water PROCEDURE Gathering of Banana Peel The Banana peelings were brought by the second year science class. Some were brought by the reaserchers. Preparation for the Banana Peelings The banana fruit were peeled and the fruits were discarded or eaten. The banana peels where weighed by the researchers to get the right concentration and got exactly 156 grams, usually it takes 4 banana peels to get the exact weight. The imperfections in the banana peels were trimmed until only the banana peel retained.Chopping of the Banana Peelings The banana peelings were cut into small pieces/sections. A knife was used to chop the banana peel easily. Cutting of Paper Two pieces of paper, with an intermediate size were gathered in a waste can. The papers were cut into smaller sections. The blender was used to blend the papers with 250ml water within 30 seconds. Preparation of the Treatment The small pieces of banana peelings and small pieces of paper with 125 ml of water, placed in a blender and was mixed for within 30 seconds until the mixture was uniformed. Molding the TreatmentA mesh surface with a uniform depth of 1mm was moistened using water. Using a ladle, the banana peel mixture was spread over the moistened mesh. Drying of the Treatment The mixture was left under the sun for 24hours or until the extract was entirely dry. The banana peel was removed gently from the mesh. Then the paper was placed on a flat surface under the sun for it to become fully dry. Gathering and Analysis of Data The experimental and control unit passes through ten(10) judges and were rated according to a 3-point scale. 1- low; 2- medium and 3- high as regards to lus ter and smoothness.Data were analyzed using the Two-way Analysis of Variance and Comparison Mean test.

Natural disasters Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Natural disasters - Essay Example In the light of this, we shall assess the discrepancies in heads like frequency of these various disasters in two regions of the US, Los Angeles and Oklahoma City and deaths caused by these disasters. Moreover we shall look upon the measures taken by the respective governments for the natural disasters and how it differs. Comparison of rehabilitation process and Insurance coverage aftermath of these disasters in these regions shall also be discussed. The Northridge earthquake occurred on January 17, 1994 at 4:31 AM Pacific Standard Time in the city of Los Angeles, California. The earthquake had a magnitude of 6.7, but the ground acceleration was the highest ever instrumentally recorded in an urban area in North America.(1) Seventy-two people died as a result of the earthquake and over 11,000 were injured. In addition, the earthquake caused an estimated $12.5 billion in damage, making it one of the costliest natural disasters in U.S. history. An earthquake emerged in Sylmar, a surrounding region of Los Angeles and hit the Greater Los Angeles and California caused the fatalities of 67 and overall damage of $ 5, 000, 00,000.(2) About a dozen earthquakes have been felt in Oklahoma City. ... The most notable and largest of these occurred on 1952 April 09. This earthquake was centered between El Reno and Minco in Canadian Co.Its magnitude was 5.50. Moreover an earthquake of a ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. Northridge Earthquake Southern California Earthquake Data Center, October 6, 2006 2. abc7. com Anniversary of Deadly Northridge Quake.. 2007-07-08. 2 magnitude 2.2 was felt in scattered locations in Oklahoma City and Edmond and surrounding area. Oklahoma City has faced another earthquake (Oklahoma Earthquake) on 16 December 2001 whose origin time was 08:21:42 UTC/GMT and Latitude and Longitude were 35.643degrees N, 95.571degrees W respectively had its depth 5.0 km. and its magnitude was 2.2 m3HZ (3) Tornado Okalahoma city It's generally defined as the area of the United States in which tornadoes are most frequent. When high frequency of strong and violent tornadoes (F2 or stronger on the Fujita scale) and relative consistency of the season from year to year are used as criteria, tornado alley would include northern Texas, most of Oklahoma, Kansas and Nebraska, as well as eastern portions of Colorado and South Dakota.The tornadoes that hit Oklahoma City and the surrounding area on May 3, 1999, had the fastest winds ever recorded on the planet: 318 miles per hour. The number of people who died from this disaster, were 44.The overall damage was $1, 500, 000,000.(4) Los Angeles With 42 tornadoes, Los Angeles County ranks as the tornado capital of the state, five of which was ranked as

History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 21

History - Essay Example During the Middle Ages, Europeans had become keenly aware of the wealth existing outside of Europe, particularly in the Far East. Moreover, improvements in navigation and maritime technology during the 1400s meant that Europeans could access riches in other parts of the world with far more efficiency and effectiveness than ever before (McCannon 2008, 208). Spain and Portugal were the first European nations to venture across the Atlantic (Page and Sonneburg 2003, 481). Spanish reaction to the New World cultures across the Atlantic is characterized as mixed. Spanish ranchers, miners and farmers saw the Indians as a source of fre labor and set about attempting to and ultimately achieving these ambitions. Other Spaniards, particularly Spanish missionaries preferred to treat the New World Indian natives with a degree of compassion and to convert them to Christianity. Spanish bureaucrats were frequently at a crossroad, attempting to temper the call for compassion and conversion with the a desire to secure wealth by virtue of exploiting free labor (Benton 2002, 84). The Portuguese systematically took control of Asia building a commercial empire in the region. The Portuguese essentially established a monopoly over the Asian spices and other valuable products by seizing maritime control over Asian ports and acted as the sole trader between Asian nations and Europe (Love 2006, 27). Essentially, Spain and Portugal’s different treatment of their respective conquests were dictated by their respective discoveries. The Spanish encountered human capital rather than rich resources and therefore put their attention to reaping benefits in terms of free labor. The Portuguese encountered rich resources and focused their energies on taking control of those resources. In each case, the goal was to advance and improve economics and each conquering nation focused on how best to advance their economic positions by reference to the sources

Does Specific Types of Post- Acute of Care Congestive Heart Failure Article

Does Specific Types of Post- Acute of Care Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) - Article Example An evaluation of the methods is used to determine the methods which can be employed to improve the management of the condition and prevent readmission. Congestive heart failure is a draining ailment with an increasing prevalence in various sections and regions of the world especially among the elderly people. This illness is one of the major causes of hospital admission in various health care facilities around the globe (Khatibzadeh et al, 2013). The treatment cost that is associated with this condition is approximated to be $ 20 billion. Medical therapy for the condition has ensured that the survival rates have been increased. However, beneficial effect on the quality of lives of patients has not been widely reported. Up to 20% of patients with congestive heart failure are normally readmitted to the hospitals and health facilities within thirty days of discharge (Lloyd-Jones et al., 2005). This number or rate of readmission however varies region wisely and is also dependent on the insurance coverage that each of these patients have. These costs of readmission have necessitated the assessment of the various conditions that pres ent a risk of admission and interventions have been developed to prevent readmission. The prevalence of congestive heart failure diseases around the world presents a fundamental challenge to the healthcare system. Many patients suffering from this condition have to be placed under acute care within the hospitals, and this does not always end the problem (Calvillo–King et al., 2013). Once the patient conditions improve, discharge becomes imminent and the lack of proper care after discharge leads to readmission of the patients. This research seeks to identify the effectiveness of the post-acute care interventions in the prevention of hospital readmission. These interventions have mainly been adopted and implemented in seeking to ensure the patients receive comprehensive care and are not

Role of Line Managers in Human Resource Management (HRM)

Role of Line Managers in Human Resource Management (HRM) Human resource planning (HRP) or workforce planning is one of the classic human resource (HR) administrative tools in the estimation and identification of HR requirements used to meet the organization long-term objectives and economic opportunities. It is therefore defined as the systematic process for analysing the organization needs on how many employees are needed and what kind of knowledge, skills and talents is required in order to satisfy the organization needs (Armstrong, 2009:486). Line managers are required to provide information from their respective departments regarding to the strength of their workforce and what skills is required at the present and in the future. Thereafter, it is duty of the HR manager to gather and analyze these data which will help them to actualize the strategic plans of the human resource and by putting in mind to apply the economic theory when the demand is high the supply is low and vice versa, which will help the HR manager view the exact scenario in the organization and the labour market (D.Haffner handout I, 2010:20-21). HRP does not only assess the organizations current climate and its future labour but it does helps in the management planning of any needed recruitment, training and development of the right employee and the evaluating the progress of the organization which in turn helps in providing information to the managers regarding the need to review their forecasts and programs (Susan E. Jackson et al., 1990:223). Connecting business plan with HRP The objectives of any business vary from one organization to another which could be either short-term or long-term. Due to the constant and rapidly changes in the business, economic and social environments, these factors has played a great impact in many leading organizations to emerge their business plans with HRP so as to adopt a long-term plan. HRP is therefore the key element in every organizational strategic business plan in ensuring that its survival is sustained in the marketplace. Thus this is one of the responsibilities of the human resource in developing the human resource strategies that will be applied into the business plans. This is supported from the quoting of Kathyrn Connors (vice president of Human Resource at Liz Claiborne), who believes that the success of any organization strategies is by implementing the HR plans as shown in appendix 1 (Susan E. Jackson et al.1990:223). The human resource planning model in Appendix 2 shows how the various activities which are interlinked to each other and how they influence each other towards the achievement of the businesss SMART objectives, plans and its development (Armstrong,2009:fig.29.1:490) In a study case of British Gas, which is the countrys leading energy provider has implemented workforce planning model to help them predict the needed engineers who will help in meeting their customers quench for services. The managers are constantly carrying out a forecast programmes that will help them visualize how many more engineers they require in the future so as to meet the needs of their customers. Thus the British Gas success is because of the application of the HRP content in their business plans and putting customer first (Thetimes100.com). Looking at the PEST and SWOT analysis of Bio Energy in appendix 3 has the potential of growing because of its great and cheap services. Since British Gas is one of its competitors, they could apply the HRP principles and model as the way British Gas have. By doing so, they would be the of the top energy suppliers in the world because of their environmental conscious advantage. 2. Recruitment and selection Recruiting and selecting appropriate staffs is a great challenge for many HR professionals. In most of the upcoming companies the demand for labour is high but the research conducted by many HR managers is poor and still have difficulty in differentiating between recruiting and selection, therefore appointing the wrong employees. Therefore, this paper defines recruitment as the various steps an organization undertakes to attract applicants to work for an organization and meet its objectives. Selection is part of recruitment process that is involved in pinpointing the successful candidates for the jobs under reasonable and relevant assessment (Armstrong, 2009:515). A successful organization, be it small or large, always has an organized and a solid workforce that is comprised of well competent and qualified individuals. The human resource manager (HRM) and the line managers participate in different stages of recruiting and selecting the prospective candidates for their company. Process of recruiting and selecting Assuming that a human resource plan has been conducted regarding on how many more staff members are required, the HRM is then required to develop the organizations procedures and policies relating to recruiting new staff and ensure that the selection carried out in unbiased manner. Unsuccessful recruitment is when the companys money is been spent and no outcome is obtained, therefore HRM is also required to strategically plan a recruitment procedure that would be effective to the company. It is then the duty of a line manager to write up the role profile required to fill in his team. Description of individuals competency to perform/operate for example operating equipment and individuals skills, abilities and experience should be included in the role profile. In any role profile there is always an additional part that informs about the terms and conditions of the employment. One can argue about experience requirement because some of the recruiters don not require experienced applicants because in the long run they provide training at their workplace. The line manager should not over exaggerate the content in the role profile because unreal profile could lead to disappointment and dissatisfaction of the recruiter if the applicants do not meet their role profile standard (Armstrong, 2009:515-517). The next step is selecting the best and cost-effective recruitment method to attract prospective candidates. Methods such as internal and external recruitment, recruitment agencies and consultants among others are used by different organizations in recruiting candidates. For example the UKs public sector prefers to advertise their job vacancies both internally and externally which they believe to a good practice. Footnote? Before commencing, it is important for HR manager to initially perform an analysis for their organization before doing a scenario planning especially when the labour market is tight (recession).This in turn helps them to analyse and use this to develop the value of the employee needed and the brand of the employer (Derek, 2009:47-48,57-58). A survey carried out by CIPD (2008) on recruitment found out that a high percentage of candidates relied on recruitment agencies and the lowest percentage used journals for seeking jobs (Armstrong, 2009:520) hence it is crucial for the any recruiter to recognizing the best source of recruiting candidates. Choosing the BEST selection tools Anne and Nancy (2004) have described in their research findings how HR managers have wrong perception on the types of tools used for selecting employees. Poor selection of candidate is due to either poor use of tools or less time spent when selecting, thus it is the duty of line managers to carefully select the appropriate tool ensuring its cost and validity and analyse carefully on the characteristics of the applicants. The use of psychometric tests plays a vital role in measuring individual candidates in their ability, intelligence and personality (Anne and Nancy, 2004: 305-308). For example in an organization such Enterprise Rent-A-Car, the largest car rental business in UK has a well organized workforce of over 65,000 employees. Enterprise applies the recruitment and selection model in Appendix 4 to recruit new skilled staffs. They use the online recruiting method which they believe that is the easier way the applicant can apply. After the recruitment process, the HR manager will carefully select the appropriate candidates by using a standard documentation that matches the candidates with the required roles, qualities and skills needed in the organization. The candidates are then assessed by taking part in practical exercises and finally being interviewed by the senior manager for his final view (Times100). Howard self drive is a small upcoming company that deals with renting cars like Enterprise do. Looking into its external and internal context in Appendix 5 you can see its success is threatened by limited number of skilled staff. By applying the recruiting and selecting model used by Enterprise then they would have a better chance of being successful because of selecting the appropriate candidate for their organization. 3. Training and development The most effective way for a company to continue achieving its business plans is by expanding its strategies on training and development activities for their employees in order to allow them to flourish their skills and abilities. The theory a valuable employee is one who is well trained and has learnt, hence has shown continuous develop has been used by HR managers to ensure that effective training is provided to their employees and allowing them to progress continuously (D.Haffner, handout 2, 2010:26). The HR manager is responsible for establishing learning and development strategies that will be followed to achieve the better skills for their employees. In the other hand, line managers are in charge of planning training sections for their employees and assessing their progress from their learning and ensuring that every one of them has had the opportunity to train and develop continuously. The provision of learning and training opportunities in an organization provides the employers assurance for employees development and commitment to stay in the organization. Therefore money spent on their training would be worthy but this could also mean that training these employees would make them more competent and may decide to seek employment leading to losses (Derek, 2009:66). Learning programmes could be conducted either by informal or formal, web-based, self-directed or the blend of either 2 or more of them. Informal learning is normally considered by many managers as a source for knowledge but it is the best way to acquire knowledge from the fellow employees as they go by. On-job learning could be another way for learning where one can be coached, mentored, job shadow etc. This type of learning is cost free and more effective (Armstrong, 2009:666-673). For example Tesco, the largest British retail is keen in providing their employees training opportunities and evaluate their skills and abilities at their position at workplace. Employees are provided both on-the-job and off-the-job training. Training techniques used in on-the-job training e.g. shadowing, coaching, and mentoring and job rotation which provides effective learning. Off-the-job training is provided if new skills are needed. Every employee has a self-development chart which shows the learning progress. In Tesco, it is the responsibility of the employees to assess themselves on their development by setting their own SMART objectives. 360-degree appraisal is also been used in Tesco to assess the performance of the employee where the stakeholders are provided this opportunity. The development progress of any employee is rated from Red to Blue. Therefore, Tesco has applied the systematic training and Boyatzis models in appendix 6 in their training and developing program in t heir company for effective customer service (thetimes100). From the Appendix7which shows the analysis of Ganesh supermarket. The manager should apply all the principles Tesco have used for training and assessing the competencies of their employees which will bring success in their organization. 4. Health and safety (HAS) There are many activities occurring in our workplaces which are today governed by legislation that requires the employers to implement in their organizations so as to protect and manage the Health and Safety of their employees and other people who might be affected. The UK health and Safety work Act 1974 states the duties and responsibilities of employers, employees and including individuals who are self-employed on issues regarding to health and safety (Alan, 1996: 52). Health and Safety policies It is the duty of the employer, HAS officers, HR and line managers to bring about the policies and programmes of Health and Safety issues so as to protect their employees. These policies and programmes do not only apply to employees alone but also the consumers, suppliers and nearby communities who will be affected by what the organization does and produces. An employer should always have a signed HAS policy statement which acknowledges the intended agenda regarding to the safety of the employees. Although the issue is that the employer should implement policies on HAS but this relies on the responsibility of each employee to conduct themselves using their common sense. Assessing and auditing It is important to identify and assess any risks that threatens the HAS in an organization and be able to take proper measurements on managing them. A risk could be assessed using a 3-point scale or Holts and Andrews (1993) complex rating scale (Armstrong, 2009:963) which will determine if these risks are hazardous to the employees. It is important that the involvement of HRM, line managers and employees in the auditing HAS programmes as to ensure safety measurements are applied constantly. Training in HAS It is essential for every employee to be trained on ways to handle safety when a hazard has occurred but the issue is that it is not implementing into action. Many organizations only apply training when an accident has happened and at the time when vigilance has risen. This point is supported by the illustration below which was obtain from Herald of Free Enterprise, kings cross and challenges (Mark,1998: 354): many of the principles of good training are widely known in management circles and organization of highly quality will adopt them as part of their explicit policy. Unfortunately it is also true that organizations may pronounce them publicly and yet at the operational levels treat them causally. Senior management may fail to realize that this is happening. The true state of affairs only emerges when some disaster occurs.. A successful health and safety management system (SMS) is one that comprises of strategic plans and the implementation of policies according to HSE publication and British Standard guide which should be set up in an organization. A SMS model in appendix 8 has been developed to be applied in the management of HAS which shows how different issue influences each other in the achievement of safety at the workplaces (Alan, 1996: For example FirstGroup, is the leading public transport company have developed safety culture as one of their activities and their first priority is to provide safety to both their employees and customers. The employers of FirstGroup have implemented the Health and Safety Act 1974 in their organization and provide Prevention Handbook to their employees. Each employee is provided and assessed in their safety training programmes ensuring that each one of them is competent in providing first aid when a hazard has occurred. They have also introduced Disability Discrimination Act 1995 in their organization policies in order to consider those applicants that are physically challenged to join their workforce. Safety-themes are also displayed in their intranet and published in the companys newsletters. Conclusion This article describes the important of the roles and responsibilities of HRM and line managers in these activities in an organization and how they support each in various ways. Human resource planning ensures that the need of the right people at the right time and place are selected who are competent and able to fulfil the business strategies of an organization. Recruiting and selecting the applicants is crucial step for any organisation because of the difficulty in choosing the appropriate method and tools for selecting the candidate of choice. Finally, the need of training employees is an important issue today so that they are well profound with their appointed roles and duties at their workplace and making sure that health and safety in their surrounding is established.

The End to Slavery in the Caribbean Essay -- Slavery Slave Racial Essa

The End to Slavery in the Caribbean The Haitian Revolution (1791-1804) was the first successful slave revolt in the Caribbean, and it was one of the most important events in the history of the Americas. Along with the obvious human rights benefits that the Haitian Revolution achieved, there were some serious setbacks for the nation as well. Between 1783 and 1789, Saint Domingue was the foremost sugar producer in the region, but by the end of the war the economy was completely destroyed, and to this day Haiti has not come anywhere close to reattaining its once prominent economic status in the Caribbean. The results of the revolution sent fear through the European consciousness as well as strengthened the growing idea that slavery may be an immoral practice. In the United Kingdom, slavery lost popularity quickly and an antislavery movement was initiated. After May 1807, no British ship was permitted to leave with a cargo of slaves, and by March 1808, it was made illegal for a slave to be landed in any British colony. The law became even stricter in 1811 when the trafficking of slaves was made into a felony. Despite the attempts to end the slave trade, plantation slavery continued in the British Caribbean. Slavery was not officially abolished in the Caribbean until 1834. The termination bill which abolished it called for twelve years of apprenticeship for the â€Å"ex-slaves†, which was not very different from slavery. This system was abolished in 1838. During and after all of this vacillating lawmaking, a serious labor problem developed in the Caribbean. The key to the production of the Caribbean’s produce, mainly sugar, was the system of slavery. Slavery practically eliminated labor costs, and all... ...s felt as though they were being undercut by this new type of cheap labor. The blacks resented that their slavery had come to an end, but in order to compete with the new labor force, slave-like conditions were once again the only option. The "coolies† in Jamaica, as well as the Asians on the other islands began their journeys as outsiders living in terrible conditions. Today, a sort of blend has taken place in these cultures. A good example of the blending that has taken place can be seen in the music of the region. In rural Trinidad there is a popular form of music that mixes classical Indian singing with a soca beat. Soca is a music that combines the insistent tempos of calypso with the energy of hip hop and the quatrain-like structures of traditional north Indian folk songs. Tinker, Hugh. A New System of Slavery. Oxford University Press, 1974.

Apply Dsm-Iv to William Styron Essay

He chronicles â€Å"the leaden and poisonous mood† (Styron, 1990) that occupies most of his days. He reflects his diminished interest and pleasure towards â€Å"exceptionally island’s pleasure†, his â€Å"beloved home†, writing and other activities that he used to enjoy. He wonders how his friendly place seemed so hostile and forbidding. As a writer it felt helpless and painful to him when he found out â€Å"the writing becomes more difficult and exhausting, finally ceased† because depression has made him unable to concentrate. Styron’s statement of â€Å"two or three hours of sleep I was able to get at night† indicated that he suffered from insomnia and the everyday sleepless was â€Å"a rare torture† to him. It was clear that his insomnia evolved from middle insomnia to severe insomnia just right before his hospitalization (Andreasen & Black, 2011). Styron also stated his slowed psychomotor functions that manifested in â€Å"slowed-down responses, near paralysis, psychic energy throttled back close to zero†. Styron further describes his mental illness severity as â€Å"reached the phase of the disorder where all sense of hope had vanished, along with the idea of a futurity†. While these particular descriptions depict Styron’s hopelessness and despair, he also proposed a question â€Å"Why wasn’t I in a hospital† which implies his later voluntary hospitalization and improvement in his illness. In addition, Styron constantly thinks about death and suicide evidenced by â€Å"Death, was now a daily presence†. His house has also become a place that was filled with possibilities of committing suicide. These core symptoms in Styron’s case defined major depression and has presented for more than two weeks (American Psychiatric Association, 2000). Styron stated by himself that there was no manic episode occurs. And there were no evidence for a Mixed Episode. Although it was clear that client’s alcohol abuse history and his overuse of sleep medication play roles in his depression client’s depression are not due to the direct physiological effects of the substances or any general medical condition (American Psychiatric Association, 2000). It is interesting to address that client’s symptoms are not better accounted for by Bereavement but the unresolved grief Styron had toward his mother can be consider a major factor that contributed to his depression. The childhood trauma and the unresolved grief will be discussed later in this essay. In Styron’s case his depression began gradually during the six to eight month time frame. â€Å"Styron is on point in his astute description of milder dysthymic states that evolve into physiologically engaged forms of sever, endogenous depressions† (England, Ganzer, Foster, & Tosone, 2006). Based on client’s current situation it is reasonable to give Styron â€Å"moderate† with current GAF score of 65. Styron stayed in hospital for nearly seven weeks and discharged with an improvement in his illness and his functions. All of his statements of â€Å"I began to get well, gradually but steadily† â€Å"the fantasies of self destruction disappeared† â€Å"suicidal notions dwindled then disappeared† â€Å"had first dream in many months† indicated that he was in the process of Partial recovery. Not only he started to feel â€Å"peace† in his mind but also he was able to attend hospital group activities. Styron has high adaptive level of defensive functions at current state. The understanding of the causes of depression has evolved over centuries. While Styron was detecting his â€Å"forgotten or buried events† that underlay his depression it will be important to look into his case through the biopsychosocial lens. From biopsychosocial model perspective the three major factors which all play a role in causing depression are biological, psychological and social factors. There are three aspects that contribute to Styron’s biological factor: genetic, alcohol use and medication. Based on Styron’s memory, his father, a shipyard engineer, suffered from clinical depression. When Styron was a young boy he have witnessed his father’s depression and hospitalization. Recent genetic research supports earlier studies reporting family links in depression (Pittenger & Duman, 2008). If one or both of child’s parents have a vulnerability to depression, then it can be transmitted to the child. Therefore Styron’s father’s depression can be viewed as a risk factor to Styron’s later depression. In the narrative of Styron, he stated his dependence on alcohol and the overuse of Halcion for his sleeping problem. Excessive alcohol consumption significantly increases the risk of developing major depression (Gottlieb). Similar to alcohol, the increased risk for developing depression in benzodiazepines might be due in part to effects of drugs on neurochemistry, like decreased levels of serotonin and norepinephrine (Pittenger & Duman, 2008). Styron himself acclaims that â€Å"more significant factor† (Styron, 1990) to his depression was the death of his mother when he was thirteen. In order to view psychological factor in Styron’s case Styron’s early mother lost has strong affect on his depression. Attachment theory predicts a relationship between depressive disorder and the early bond between the child and parents. Particularly the experiences of early loss, separation may all lead to insecure internal working models (Ma, 2006). To Styron, the death of his mother has â€Å"created nearly irreparable emotional havoc† (Styron, 1990) for him. This huge hole in his life may lead to his insecure and self-worthlessness. This insecure internal working models manifest through depressed individuals often blaming themselves for negative events and may not taking credit for positive outcomes. Styron reaction towards can be interpreted as he subconsciously felt he was not worthy of the honor (Marowitz, 2009). Regarding Styron’s own insight of â€Å"incomplete mourning† (Styron, 1990) he is right about the unsolved grief can keep bring the â€Å"insufferable burden of rage, guilt and sorrow†. â€Å"The Styrons were a dignified Southern WASP fanily and open displays of grief were tacitly discouraged† (England, Ganzer, Foster, & Tosone, 2006). Since Styron was stuck in the phase of unresolved grief and using rage, guilt, and sorrow as the fuel for his work he never really learned a correct way to release his negative repeating emotions. Social factor in Styron’s case may be his social isolation during his early life from childhood to adolescent. As an only child in the family Styron’s social support can only come from his depressed father and mother with terminal illness. There was no one to share the burden and loneliness with him. As a pre mature and gifted child Styron went to school’s grade that did not match his developmental stage.

3 Types of Word Treatment

3 Types of Word Treatment 3 Types of Word Treatment 3 Types of Word Treatment By Mark Nichol Spelling, capitalization, and italicization are three aspects of writing that careful writers will attend to. This post discusses the importance of recognizing standards and making conscious decisions when contemplating deviating from them. Spelling Employing proper spelling is one of the fundamentals of composition. Unfortunately, the explosive increase in writing opportunities afforded by the internet and social media makes it easier for careless writers to spread viral errors. Where in the past, few print publications would allow mistakes like definately and predominately, today, such misspellings are rampant on websites and blogs and in texts, not to mention in some professionally produced print publications and on occasional television broadcasts- including in chyrons, the electronically generated captions that appear below talking heads on TV. Deteriorating writing skills and declining editing standards result in frequent spelling errors, and the only effective defense is a good offense: Proactively double-check spelling- using not just spell-checking functions (which are not infallible) but also print or online dictionaries (which are virtually perfectly reliable). Dictionaries and other writing resources also protect writers from using incorrect or outdated word forms. For example, the few remaining hyphenated compound nouns are undergoing an evolution, as writers increasingly omit the hyphen and treat these terms as closed compounds- sometimes in a conscious decision to accelerate what is almost always an inevitable process but far more often simply out of ignorance. Changes from, for example, mind-set to mindset and start-up to startup are inevitable, but the former choice in each case is still the form listed in most dictionaries, so avoid the variant until it becomes the norm. Capitalization Capitalization, which, with few exceptions, denotes a proper noun, in such usage distinguishes the specific from the generic, but it is employed erroneously primarily in two contexts. First, generic job titles are often mistakenly capitalized. When Jane Smith is identified as a senator, capitalize the job title if it appears before her name: â€Å"Senator Jane Smith.† And when the job title substitutes for the person’s name in direct address- when someone says or writes, for example, â€Å"Excuse me, Senator, do you have a moment?† the word is capitalized. In government or legal documents, the â€Å"publisher† may insist on capitalizing the job title even in isolation: â€Å"The Senator abstained.† But in all other usage, the term is generic- Jane Smith is being described as one of those entities designated as a senator. Take care, too, about capitalizing only exact job titles. When referring to Thomas Jones, whose official designation is director of communications and marketing, write â€Å"Director of Communications and Marketing Thomas Jones,† to be formal, or â€Å"marketing director Thomas Jones,† in more casual contexts, but not â€Å"Marketing Director Thomas Jones.† (And after the name, the job title is almost invariably not capitalized; a rare exception is the exact name of an endowed professorship. Capitalization is also standard after names on lists, on rà ©sumà ©s, and so on.) In addition, descriptions of people that identify their profession or role but are not formal job titles are not capitalized: â€Å"The truck belongs to electrician John Smith†; â€Å"She thanked team captain Mary Jones for her support.† Similarly, a term identifying a nonliving entity should be capitalized only as part of the full name: for example, â€Å"the Mississippi River,† but â€Å"the river† (with exceptions for poetic license, as when such an entity is personified), or â€Å"the Development Committee,† but â€Å"the committee† (again, in legalese, such terms may appear capitalized). Italicization Italics serve to call attention to a word, phrase, or sentence; two primary functions are to identify a foreign term and to emphasize one or more words the writer wishes the reader to notice. However, the pitfall in the case of both functions is overuse. In the case of apparently foreign words or phrases, double-check that the term is in fact still technically considered foreign; many such words and phrases have been assimilated into English (evidenced by their inclusion in English dictionaries) and are no longer considered to require emphasis. (Note, too, that some writers and publishers decide that when a foreign term is used repeatedly in one piece of content, and it is defined or explained on first reference, it is italicized only in that first instance.) And when considering whether to italicize a word, phrase, or sentence to make it stand out, think twice about whether the emphasis is merited or helpful; frequent employment of any tool or technique can diminish its effectivenes s. A third common function of italics is to call attention to a word being used to name itself rather than the concept for which the word stands; compare â€Å"Moron originally denoted a mildly retarded person† and â€Å"A moron is a stupid person.† Because of this distinction, italics should not be employed to introduce a term unless the word is described as a word, as in the disclaimer â€Å"In observing the historical context of psychiatry in the early twentieth century, we use moron according to its original medical definition: ‘a mildly retarded person.’† In spelling, capitalization, and italicization, as in any aspect of writing, the writer or publisher may choose to deviate from accepted standards, but the ultimate consideration should be whether the reader is being served by a decision that affects one or more aspects, or whether communication is being compromised rather than enhanced. In addition, a writer may ignore these standards for artistic reasons, such as in representing dialect or a fictional character’s illiteracy or overly emphatic speech patterns. Again, however, the writer should weigh the consequences of such a decision and practice moderation. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Useful Stock Phrases for Your Business Emails45 Synonyms for â€Å"Old† and â€Å"Old-Fashioned†9 Forms of the Past Tense

Phrases to Use to Confirm Information

Phrases to Use to Confirm Information There are certain times in our lives that we need to make sure we understand everything. That’s when clarifying information becomes important. If we want to double-check, we can ask for clarification. If we want to make sure that someone has understood, you can request confirmation that someone has received the message. This type of clarification is especially useful in business meetings, but also in everyday events like taking directions over the telephone or checking an address and telephone number. Use these phrases to clarify and check information.   Phrases and Structures Used to Clarify and Check that You Understand Question Tags Question tags are used when you are sure you have understood but would like to double check. Use the opposite form of the helping verb of the original sentence at the end of the sentence to check. S Tense (positive or negative) Objects , Opposite Auxiliary Verb S You’re going to attend the meeting next week, aren’t you?They don’t sell computers, do they?Tom hasn’t arrived yet, has he? Phrases Used to Rephrase to Double Check Use these phrases to indicate that you would like to rephrase what someone has said in order to make sure you have understood something correctly. Can I rephrase what you said/have/said?So, you mean/think/believe that ...Let me see if I’ve understood you correctly. You ... Can I rephrase what you mean? You feel it’s important to enter the market now.Let me see if I’ve understood you correctly. You would like to hire a marketing consultant. Phrases Used to Ask for Clarification Could you repeat that?I’m afraid I don’t understand.Could you say that again? Could you repeat that? I think I may have misunderstood you.I’m afraid I don’t understand how you plan to implement this plan. Phrases Used to Make Sure Others have Understood You It’s common to ask for clarifying questions after you presented information that might be new to those listening. Use these phrases to make sure everyone has understood. Are we all on the same page?Have I made everything clear?Are there any (more, further) questions? Are we all on the same page? I’d be happy to clarify anything that’s not clear.Are there any further questions? Let’s take a look at a few examples to help clarify. Phrases Use these phrases to repeat information to make sure everyone has understood. Let me repeat that.Let’s go through that again.If you don’t mind, I’d like to go over this again. Let me repeat that. We’d like to find new partners for our business.Let’s go through that again. First, I take a left at Stevens St. and then a right at 15th Ave. Is that correct? Example Situations Example 1 - At a Meeting Frank: ... to end this conversation, let me repeat that we don’t expect everything to happen at once. Are we all on the same page?Marcia: Can I rephrase just a bit to make sure I’ve understood? Frank: Certainly.Marcia: As I understood, we’re going to open up three new branches over the next few months. Frank: Yes, that’s correct.Marcia: However, we don’t have to make all the final decisions right now, do we? Frank: We only need to decide who should be responsible for making those decisions when the time comes.Marcia: Yes, Let’s go through how we’re going to decide that again. Frank: OK. I’d like you to choose a local supervisor you feel would be up to the task.Marcia: I’m supposed to let him or her choose the location, aren’t I? Frank: Yes, that way we’ll have the best local knowledge.Marcia: OK. I think I’m up to speed. Let’s meet again in a few weeks. Frank: How about Wednesday in two weeks?Marcia: OK. See you then. Example 2 - Getting Directions Neighbor 1: Hi Holly, could you help me out?Neighbor 2: Sure, what can I do? Neighbor 1: I need directions to the new supermarket.Neighbor 2: Sure, that’s easy. Take a left on 5th Ave., turn right on Johnson and continue straight ahead for two miles. It’s on the left. Neighbor 1: Just a moment. Could you say that again? I’d like to get this down.Neighbor 2: No problem, take a left on 5th Ave., turn right on Johnson and continue straight ahead for two miles. It’s on the left.Neighbor 1: I take the second right on Johnson, don’t I?Neighbor 2: No, take the first right. Got it? Neighbor 1: Uh, yes, let me just repeat. Take a left on 5th Ave., turn right on Johnson and continue straight ahead for two miles.Neighbor 2: Yes, that’s it. Neighbor 1: Great. Thanks for your help.Neighbor 2: No problem.

Managerial Coaching Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Managerial Coaching - Essay Example Having professional leaders will guarantee effective management of the trainee and other employee of the program. The training must take place each day with each of the athlete attending the training as required. Training is a must and trainees perform poorly due to skipping training secessions. Individual in charge of training must be having experience in coaching and at least an undergraduate degree (Park, 2007). The program must have a counseling psychologist to offer guidance and counseling to the trainee. Most of the trainees end up in drug abuse and availability of counseling will help them to cope with different situation. Stress management training will be offered by the psychologist to ensure that the trainees are socially and psychologically stable. The program must be free from corruption to ensure that only the best candidates are employed and the trainees are recruited in respect to talent. The progress of the program must be evaluated in regular bases like in two month to solve the problems in order to ensure smooth running (Allamby,

The end of Povery Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The end of Povery - Essay Example Poverty has sustained due to this unfair debt and there will be no end to poverty of this system continues as it hinders political and economic stability (Diaz (2008)). Thus, in order to end the global poverty, first world countries must try to look for ways in which the debt can be forgiven or compensated. The most important cause of the unfair third world debt is the colonization. The colonizing states had transferred an unfair debt on the independent states in 1960 which had to be returned with an additional interest. This meant that the newly born states were already under a heavy burden of debt which eventually hindered their economic and political stability. Moreover, it was soon realized that the only way to get rid of this unfair debt is to get it forgiven by the rich countries. The continuation of this system since decades has pushed the poor countries into extreme poverty (Shah (2007)). Many developing and under-developed countries are under the burden of unfair debt partly because of the policies of certain international institutions such as the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF). They have worst programs and policies for the global poverty which have been greatly criticized. The developing and poor countries have had an increased dependence on the richer countries. IMF and World Bank have continually claimed that they will introduce policies to reduce poverty levels but they have failed to do so as their policies have increased the burden of the poor nations (Jarman 54). Policies to ensure debt repayment and the economic restructuring have been imposed but the policies have simultaneously leaded the poor countries to reduce their spending on health, development, and education in order to make debt repayment and economic stability as their priority. IMF and the World Bank have also demanded that these poor nations should lower their standard of l iving

ICT in ELT (English Language Teaching) Research Paper

ICT in ELT (English Language Teaching) - Research Paper Example s therefore become expedient to note that the effective teaching and learning of English has gone beyond the stereotypical to regimented/tradition of mere classroom teaching because of the emergence of various gadgets in information and communication technology (Viatonu, Kayode 2000:1). In the 21st century, majority of people, be they students, researchers or teachers, are making use of the computer and internet to search for information, to chat or to play games. Teachers are becoming the greatest beneficiaries of digital media as far as bringing the world into the classroom is concerned and using authentic resource materials. ICT is being used to provide curriculum tasks and activities that challenge students; this extends to gifted and talented students. It helps them work to a higher level than they otherwise might, for instance, they can access not only the school library books but also academic treatises (Galloway, 2007:26). Galloway also established that ICT is beneficial to students in several ways. There is the potential to present information in multiple formats, speech and image, with software such as ‘Writing with Symbols’. With ICT, activities can be repeated endlessly and identically as students learn the practical nuances of English pronunciation (Galloway, 2007:26). ICT in ELT has also achieved its status as far as translation is concerned. Web-based instant translations are available to and from English and at least nine other languages. Because of the multimedia presentational possibilities and the activities now available, the curriculum is becoming deeper and more enriched by new technology, creating engaging and motivating learning experiences for all students regardless of their needs and abilities (Galloway, 2007:26). There are invaluable pedagogical gains in the use of ICT. This has also contributed to the status of ICT. Teachers are able to develop an effective learning platform. With such a platform, teachers are able to create